Ibikurikira byahinduwe bivuye mu gishinwa hifashishijwe imashini itabanje gukosorwa.
Guhindura Ikiyapani mu Gishinwa ni imwe mu mbogamizi zisanzwe mu murimo w'ubuhinduzi, cyane cyane bitewe no gutandukanya imiterere y'ururimi, imico gakondo, hamwe n'ikibonezamvugo, ibyo bigatuma inzira yo guhindura yuzuye igoye. Mu busobanuro bw'ikiyapani, hari ingorane nyinshi abasemuzi b'Abashinwa bahura nazo mugihe cyo guhindura, cyane cyane mubijyanye no gutandukanya ikibonezamvugo, guhitamo amagambo, icyubahiro, no kuvuga. Iyi ngingo izasesengura ibibazo byubuhinduzi birambuye kandi itange ibisubizo bijyanye.
1 erences Itandukaniro mu kibonezamvugo cy'Ubuyapani
Itandukaniro ryikibonezamvugo hagati yikiyapani nigishinwa nimwe mubibazo bisanzwe mubisobanuro. Imiterere yinteruro mu kiyapani mubisanzwe iri murutonde rwa "subject + object + predicate", mugihe mugishinwa biroroshye guhinduka, cyane cyane mururimi ruvugwa, aho umwanya winshinga yinshinga ushobora guhinduka ukurikije imiterere. Byongeye kandi, abayapani bakoresha ibice kugirango berekane isano yikibonezamvugo, mugihe abashinwa bakoresha ijambo ryamagambo namagambo yimikorere (nka "de", "lai", nibindi) kugirango berekane isano yikibonezamvugo. Igisubizo: Iyo uhinduye, intambwe yambere ni ugusenya interuro yikiyapani, gusobanukirwa imikorere yikibonezamvugo cya buri gice, hanyuma ugahindura neza ukurikije amategeko yikibonezamvugo cyigishinwa. Kurugero, mukiyapani, "が" cyangwa "は" mubisanzwe bikoreshwa nkibimenyetso, kandi mugihe uhinduye, ingingo irashobora gutondekwa uhereye kumirongo kandi imiterere yinteruro irashobora guhinduka. Byongeye kandi, interuro zisanzwe zidahindagurika cyangwa interuro zifite ingingo zasibwe mu kiyapani zigomba kongerwaho cyangwa kwandikwa ukurikije ingeso zUbushinwa.
2 Ingorane zo guhitamo amagambo
Amagambo amwe yikiyapani ntabwo afite amagambo ahuye neza nigishinwa, bigatuma guhitamo amagambo bigorana cyane mubusemuzi. Kurugero, ijambo ry'ikiyapani “おরれ様” ntabwo rifite ijambo rihwanye rwose mugishinwa. Nubwo bishobora guhindurwa nk 'akazi gakomeye' cyangwa 'wakoze cyane', imiterere n'imvugo byombi ntabwo bihuye rwose. Igisubizo: Iyo uhuye namagambo adahuye neza, abasemuzi bakeneye kugira ibyo bahindura bakurikije imiterere. Kurugero, kumvugo nka 'unaniwe', uburyo butandukanye bwo guhindura bushobora guhitamo ukurikije imiterere yimiterere. Mubyongeyeho, kubijambo bimwe biranga umuco, ibisobanuro bisobanura birashobora guhitamo, cyangwa interuro yinyongera hamwe nibisobanuro irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango abasomyi b'ururimi bagenewe bumve.
3 、 Guhindura imvugo yicyubahiro kandi yicisha bugufi
Kubaha no kwiyoroshya ni ibintu byingenzi biranga ururimi mu kiyapani, mu gihe nta mvugo isa mu gishinwa. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo guhindura imvugo ziyubashye kandi zicisha bugufi mukiyapani mukigishinwa nikibazo gikomeye mubusemuzi. Mu Kiyapani, icyubahiro ntigaragarira gusa mu guhindura inshinga, ahubwo no mu magambo yihariye n’imiterere yinteruro nka “ございます” na “おっしいる”, bisaba kwitabwaho bidasanzwe. Igisubizo: Iyo uhinduye icyubahiro mu kiyapani, abasemuzi bakeneye gutekereza ku ngeso yo kuvuga n'imico gakondo y'abashinwa. Mubihe bisanzwe, umuntu arashobora guhitamo gukoresha imvugo yicyubahiro nka "wowe", "gui", nibindi; Mubindi byinshi bivugwamo, imvugo yicyubahiro irashobora gusibwa muburyo bukwiye. Byongeye kandi, icyubahiro cyinshi mu kiyapani gishobora gutangwa binyuze mu guhindura imvugo, nka “おっし동る” gishobora guhindurwa ngo “vuga” kandi kigaragaze icyubahiro binyuze mu magambo.
4 phenomenon Gusiba ibintu mu Kiyapani
Mu Kiyapani, ibice bimwe byinteruro bisibwe, cyane cyane mururimi ruvugwa. Kurugero, mu Kiyapani, ingingo ya “きまか?” bikunze gusibwa, kandi “きまか?” irashobora guhindurwa ngo "genda?", ariko igice cyasibwe gikenera gusobanurwa mugishinwa. Iki kintu cyo gusiba gisaba abasemuzi guhitamo ibice byasibwe ukurikije imiterere. Igisubizo: Iyo uhinduye, birakenewe ko wuzuza ibice byasibwe ukurikije imiterere n'imiterere. Kurugero, mu Kiyapani, ingingo ya “きまか?” isibwe mu rurimi ruvugwa, ariko iyo ihinduwe mu gishinwa, ingingo nka "wowe" cyangwa "twe" zigomba kongerwaho ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze kugira ngo interuro ibe inyangamugayo kandi bisobanuke neza.
5 Inf Ingaruka Zitandukanya Umuco Kubuhinduzi
Imiterere yumuco yikiyapani nigishinwa iratandukanye, ibyo bigatuma bigora imvugo cyangwa ingeso zimwe zihwanye nubusobanuro. Cyane cyane iyo bigeze kumigenzo, imigenzo, nubupfura mbonezamubano, ubusobanuro bushobora gusaba guhindura umuco. Kurugero, mu Kiyapani, “いただきます” na “ごちそうさました” ntibifite imvugo ihwanye rwose mu Gishinwa, bityo itandukaniro ry’umuco rigomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyo guhindura. Igisubizo: Muri ibi bihe, abasemuzi bakeneye kugira urwego runaka rwo kumenyekanisha imico. Kumuco imvugo yihariye, guhindura imihindagurikire yumuco birashobora gukoreshwa, cyangwa ibisobanuro byongeweho ibisobanuro birashobora gutangwa kugirango bifashe abasomyi b'ururimi gusobanukirwa. Kurugero, "いただ〚す" irashobora guhindurwa ngo "Natangiye kurya", mugihe "っちそうした" irashobora guhindurwa ngo "Urakoze kubwo kwakira abashyitsi" hamwe nibisobanuro cyangwa ibisobanuro bikwiye.
6 ules Ibice byiza hamwe ninshinga mu kiyapani
Hano hari amagambo menshi yimyumvire ninshinga mu kiyapani bikoreshwa mu kwerekana amarangamutima, imyifatire, cyangwa imvugo. Izi modal nuduce twinshi ntabwo zifite imvugo ihwanye neza nigishinwa. Kurugero, mu Kiyapani, ibice nka “ね”, “よ”, na “かな” ntibifite ibice bimwe mu gishinwa. Igisubizo: Mugihe uhinduye, urashobora gukoresha amagambo ajyanye nijwi mugishinwa ukurikije ibikenewe. Kurugero, “ね” irashobora guhindurwa ngo “ba” cyangwa “iburyo”, naho “よ” irashobora guhindurwa ngo “oh” cyangwa “ah”. Guhitamo amagambo akwiye ashingiye kumirongo irashobora kugumana amajwi yinyandiko yumwimerere mugihe ubusobanuro busanzwe.
7 Gukemura interuro ndende kandi igereranije
Inzira ndende ndende kandi igizwe ninteruro mu kiyapani rimwe na rimwe bitera ikibazo abasemuzi muburyo bwo guca interuro. Mu kiyapani, interuro zuzuzanya zihuza ibice bitandukanye byinteruro binyuze mu bice no guhuza, mugihe mu gishinwa, interuro ndende akenshi isaba guhindura imiterere yinteruro kugirango yisobanure neza. Igisubizo: Ku nteruro ndende y’ikiyapani ndende cyangwa igereranya, abasemuzi barashobora kubacamo bakurikije ibisobanuro byabo kandi bakaborohereza mu nteruro ngufi kugira ngo bahuze n’imico yo mu gishinwa. Byongeye kandi, hakwiye kwitonderwa isano iri hagati yibigize buri nteruro kugirango twirinde ibibazo bya logique idasobanutse cyangwa imvugo idahwitse mubisobanuro.
8 Incamake
Guhindura Ikiyapani mu Gishinwa ni inzira igoye ikubiyemo ingorane zitandukanye nko gutandukanya ikibonezamvugo, guhitamo amagambo, icyubahiro, no kuvuga mu magambo. Binyuze mu isesengura ryimbitse ryibi bibazo byubuhinduzi, urashobora gusanga hariho ibisubizo inyuma ya buri kibazo. Abasemuzi bakeneye kugira urufatiro rukomeye rwururimi, gukoresha neza ubumenyi bwururimi, no guhuza imico n’umuco kugira ngo barangize neza umurimo w’ubuhinduzi kuva mu Kiyapani kugera mu Gishinwa. Muburyo bwo guhindura ikiyapani, gukemura izo ngorane ntibishobora gusa kunoza ubusobanuro bwukuri no kuvuga neza, ahubwo binateza imbere ubwumvikane n’itumanaho hagati yindimi n’umuco byombi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-24-2025