Ibikurikira byahinduwe bivuye mu gishinwa hifashishijwe imashini itabanje gukosorwa.
Muburyo bwo guhindura abanya Viyetinamu nu gishinwa, akenshi usanga hari ukutumvikana kutagira ingaruka gusa kubisobanuro byubuhinduzi, ariko kandi bishobora no gutuma habaho kutumvikana cyangwa gukwirakwiza amakuru nabi. Hano haribisobanuro bisanzwe byubuhinduzi hamwe nibisubizo bihuye.
1. Itandukaniro mu miterere yururimi
Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye muburyo bw'ikibonezamvugo hagati ya Vietnam na Chine. Imiterere yinteruro muri Vietnamese iroroshye guhinduka, hamwe ninshinga zisanzwe ziri hagati yinteruro, mugihe abashinwa bashimangira cyane gahunda ihamye yikintu, indagihe, nibintu. Itandukaniro ryimiterere rirashobora kuganisha byoroshye kutumvikana cyangwa gutakaza amakuru mugihe cyo guhindura. Kurugero, muri Vietnam, guhakana kabiri birashobora gukoreshwa mukugaragaza ibyemeza, mugihe mugishinwa, hakenewe amagambo menshi yemeza neza kugirango atange ibisobanuro bimwe.
Igisubizo cyiki kibazo ni uguhindura bikwiye imiterere yikibonezamvugo cyinteruro kugirango harebwe niba interuro y’igishinwa yahinduwe ihuye n’imico yo kuvuga ururimi rwigishinwa. Abasemuzi bakeneye gusobanukirwa byimbitse intego yinyandiko yumwimerere no gukora ubugororangingo bushingiye kumategeko yikibonezamvugo.
2. Ikibazo cyo guhindura ibisobanuro byamagambo
Ubusobanuro busanzwe bw'amagambo ni kimwe mu bitekerezo bitari byo mu buhinduzi. Hano hari amagambo menshi muri Vietnam na Chine afite ibisobanuro bitandukanye, ndetse hari nigihe bidashobora guhuzwa neza. Kurugero, ijambo rya Vietnam 'c ả m ơ n' risobanurwa mu buryo butaziguye ngo 'urakoze', ariko mu buryo bufatika, ijambo ry'igishinwa 'urakoze' rishobora kuba rifite amarangamutima cyangwa akomeye.
Kugira ngo wirinde kutumva neza guterwa no guhindura ijambo uko ryakabaye, abasemuzi bagomba guhitamo amagambo akoreshwa mu gishinwa bakurikije ibikenewe bifatika. Gusobanukirwa imico n’umuco byerekana amarangamutima yumwimerere, guhitamo imvugo yubushinwa ishobora kwerekana intego imwe ni ngombwa.
3. Idioms no Gukoresha nabi Idioms
Idioms na idioms akenshi ntibisobanurwa mubusemuzi kuko iyi mvugo akenshi iba ifite imico idasanzwe n'imiterere. Muri Vietnam, imvugo zimwe na zimwe zidasanzwe zishobora kuba zidafite imvugo ihuye nigishinwa. Kurugero, interuro yo muri Vietnam "Đ i ế c kh ô ng s ợ s ú ng" (bisobanurwa ngo "kudatinya imbunda") ntishobora kuba ifite imvugo ihuye neza nigishinwa.
Uburyo bwo gukemura iki kibazo ni ugutanga ibisobanuro kubisobanuro cyangwa imvugo kubasomyi binyuze mubusobanuro bwubusa aho guhindurwa bisanzwe. Abasemuzi bakeneye gusobanukirwa nubusobanuro bufatika bwiyi mico mumico kandi bagakoresha imvugo isa nigishinwa kugirango batange ibitekerezo bimwe.
4. Ubwumvikane buke buterwa no gutandukanya umuco
Itandukaniro ryumuco nikindi kibazo gikomeye mubusemuzi. Itandukaniro ry’umuco hagati ya Vietnam nu Bushinwa rishobora gutuma abantu batumva neza imyumvire imwe cyangwa imvugo. Kurugero, mumico ya Vietnam, imvugo zimwe zishobora kuba zifite ubusobanuro bwihariye bwimibereho cyangwa amateka adashobora kumenyekana cyane mubushinwa.
Kugira ngo dutsinde ibibazo biterwa n’itandukaniro ry’umuco, abasemuzi bakeneye gusobanukirwa byimazeyo imico yombi, bagashobora kumenya neza imvugo yihariye y’imico, bakanabisobanura cyangwa bakabihindura mugihe cyo guhindura kugirango bibe byiza kubasomyi b'Abashinwa ' gusobanukirwa.
5. Gutandukana mu majwi no mu ndangururamajwi
Ijwi n'intonasiyo birashobora gutandukana mundimi zitandukanye. Abanya Viyetinamu n'Abashinwa na bo bafite itandukaniro mu mvugo iyo bagaragaje ikinyabupfura, gushimangira, cyangwa guhakana. Itandukaniro rishobora kuganisha ku gutakaza cyangwa kutumva amabara y amarangamutima mugihe cyo guhindura. Kurugero, Abanya Viyetinamu barashobora gukoresha amagambo afite amajwi akomeye kugirango bagaragaze ikinyabupfura, mugihe mu gishinwa, hashobora gukenerwa imvugo yoroheje.
Abasemuzi bakeneye guhindura amajwi yabo hamwe nindangururamajwi bakurikije akamenyero ko kwerekana igishinwa kugirango barebe ko inyandiko yahinduwe yujuje ubushinwa mubijyanye n'amarangamutima n'ikinyabupfura. Witondere itandukaniro rito mundimi kugirango umenye neza na kamere mubisobanuro.
6. Guhindura amagambo yihariye
Guhindura amazina akwiye nabyo nibisanzwe. Muri Viyetinamu n'Igishinwa, hashobora kubaho ibitagenda neza muguhindura amazina akwiye nk'amazina y'ahantu, amazina bwite, inzego z'umuteguro, n'ibindi. Urugero, amazina y'ahantu ho muri Vietnam ashobora kuba afite ibisobanuro byinshi mu gishinwa, ariko ubwo busobanuro ntabwo buri gihe ari bumwe.
Mugihe ukorana namazina akwiye, abasemuzi bagomba gukurikiza ihame ryo guhuzagurika no gukoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo guhindura. Kubijyanye n'amagambo yihariye, biroroshye kubaza ibikoresho cyangwa abanyamwuga bijyanye kugirango ibisobanuro bihindurwe.
7. Kuringaniza hagati yubusobanuro busanzwe nubusobanuro bwubuntu
Ubusobanuro busanzwe hamwe nubusobanuro bwubusa nuburyo bubiri bwingenzi mubusemuzi. Mu buhinduzi buva muri Vietnam buva mu Gishinwa, ubusobanuro busanzwe akenshi butera kutumvikana cyangwa ibisobanuro bidasobanutse, mugihe ubusemuzi bwubuntu bushobora kwerekana neza intego yinyandiko yumwimerere. Ariko, ubusobanuro burenze urugero bushobora gutuma ubusobanuro butakaza amakuru cyangwa ibiranga inyandiko yumwimerere.
Abasemuzi bakeneye gushakisha uburinganire hagati yubusobanuro busanzwe nubusobanuro bwubuntu, kuba abizerwa kumyandiko yumwimerere mugihe bahuza nubuhinduzi ningeso yo kuvuga igishinwa. Binyuze mu gusobanukirwa byimbitse umwandiko wumwimerere, abasemuzi barashobora gutuma ubusobanuro busanzwe kandi bworoshye kubyumva mugihe bakomeje amakuru neza.
8. Kubura imiterere nubumenyi bwibanze
Ubusobanuro bwukuri busobanurwa akenshi biterwa no gusobanukirwa neza imiterere nubumenyi bwibanze bwumwandiko wumwimerere. Niba umusemuzi atamenyereye societe ya Vietnam, amateka, cyangwa imigenzo, biroroshye kwirengagiza amakuru arambuye cyangwa kutumvikana mugihe cyo guhindura.
Kugira ngo wirinde iki kibazo, abasemuzi bagomba gukora igenzura rikenewe mbere y’ubuhinduzi kugira ngo basobanukirwe n’imibereho, umuco, n’amateka. Ibi byemeza ko ubusobanuro budasobanutse neza, ariko kandi bugaragaza byimazeyo intego hamwe numuco bisobanura inyandiko yumwimerere.
Igikorwa cyo guhindura hagati ya Vietnamese nigishinwa cyuzuyemo ibibazo nibibazo. Gusobanukirwa no gukemura imyumvire itari yo yavuzwe haruguru irashobora kunoza cyane ubunyangamugayo nubwiza bwubuhinduzi. Abasemuzi bakeneye kugira urufatiro rukomeye rwururimi nubumenyi bwumuco, kandi bagakoresha ubuhanga bwoguhindura kugirango bagere ku makuru yukuri kandi meza mugutumanaho kwindimi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-28-2024