Ibirimo bikurikira byahinduwe kuva mu Bushinwa isoko ukoresheje imashini nta nyuma yo guhindura.
Ishyirahamwe ry'isosiyete y'Abanyamerika (Alc) ni ishyirahamwe ry'inganda rifite icyicaro muri Amerika. Abagize iryo shyirahamwe ni ibigo bitanga ubusobanuro, gusobanura, guhagarika, hamwe na serivisi zubucuruzi zindi. Alc ahanini akora inama ngarukamwaka buri mwaka kugirango mvuge mu burenganzira bw'inganda, kora ibiganiro bigezweho ku ngingo nko guteza imbere inganda, imiyoborere y'ubucuruzi, isoko, kandi n'ikoranabuhanga, ndetse no gutunganya igenamigambi mu masosiyete y'ubuhinduzi bwa Lobby. Usibye gutumira abavugizi inganda, inama ngarukamwaka izategura kandi abajyanama bacu bashinzwe imicungire neza cyangwa ubuyobozi bw'amahugurwa n'abandi batavuga rumwe n'inganda, kandi barekure raporo ngarukamwaka ya Alc.
Muri iyi ngingo, tuvuga ibikubiye muri raporo ya 2023ALC (Yarekuwe muri Nzeri 2023, hashyizwe hamwe bibiri bya gatatu by'amasosiyete yakorewe abayoboke mu nganda, kugira ngo agereranye na ALC, kugira ngo agereranye na ALC, kugira ngo agereranye na ALC mu Rwanda, kugira ngo agereranye na ALC mu Rwanda, kugira ngo agereranye na Alc. Twizeye kandi ko tuzakoresha amabuye y'ibindi bihugu kugira ngo dukore Jade yacu.
一, raporo ya alc itanga imibare yingenzi yamakuru yatanzwe kuva 14 kuri twe kugirango twerekeze kandi tugereranye umwe umwe:
1. Model
Isano iri hagati y'Ubushinwa na Amerika:
1) Ibirimo serivisi: 60% by'ibikorwa byibanze by'abanyamerika bibanda ku guhindura, 30% ku bisobanuro, kandi 10% bisigaye bitatanye mu bicuruzwa bitandukanye by'ubuhinduzi; Abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'amasosiyete atanga serivisi zo kwimenyekanisha itangazamakuru, harimo no kwandika, kwivuza, subtitles, na Dubbing.
2) Umuguzi: Nubwo bibiri bya gatatu byurungano rwabanyamerika bimara amategeko abimenyereye amategeko, ibigo 15 gusa gusa byabakoresha nkisoko yambere yinjiza. Ibi byerekana ko amafaranga yindimi yakoreshejwe mu mategeko yatatanye cyane, muri rusange ihuye n'imiterere yigihe gito yo gukurikiza amategeko n'ubuhinduzi bw'amategeko no munsi yo gukura kw'ubuhinduzi mu nganda. Byongeye kandi, igice kirenze kimwe cya kabiri cya bagenzi bacu b'Abanyamerika batanga serivisi z'indimi zo guhanga, kwamamaza, n'ibigo bya digitale. Izi nzego zidakora nk'abahuza hagati y'ibigo by'imirimo n'abaguzi barangiza mu nganda zitandukanye. Mu myaka yashize, uruhare n'imbibi z'imirimo y'indimi byahinduwe: Ibigo bimwe byo guhanga bitanga serivisi zitorero, mugihe ibindi byaguka mumyanya ikubiyemo. Hagati aho, 95% by'abanyamerika bahanganye batanga serivisi zindinge ururimi mubindi bigo byurungano, no gutanga amasoko muriki nganda bitwarwa nubufatanye bufatanye.
Ibiranga byavuzwe haruguru birasa n'ibihe byo mu Bushinwa. Kurugero, mu bikorwa by'ubucuruzi biherutse, ubusobanuro bwa TOVALCCHIMO bwahuye n'ikibazo gishinzwe gufata amashusho yose, kubera gutekereza ku buryo bubirimo, igishushanyo, animasiyo, ubucuruzi, n'ibindi bikorwa bijyanye. Abitabiriye amasoko byari ibigo byamamaza ahanini, kandi uwegukanye isoko yabaye rwiyemezamirimo rusange kubera guhanga. Igikorwa cyo guhindura kandi cyakozwe nubwo rwiyemezamirimo rusange, cyangwa bwuzuye cyangwa ngo twigenwa wenyine. Muri ubu buryo, nkumuntu wabisobanuro bwambere utanga serivisi, TopChina arashobora kwihatira gukomeza gufatanya nuyu muzemezabuguzi rusange bishoboka, kandi biragoye cyane kwambuka rwose umurongo hanyuma ukaba intangarugero ya Jenerali.
Kubijyanye nubufatanye bwurungano, umubare wihariye mubushinwa nturamenyekana, ariko rwose niho byahindutse icyerekezo gikenewe mu mirima ikeneye, cyangwa kwagura cyangwa kwagura cyangwa gukizana umusaruro, hamwe nibyiza byuzuzanya. Ishyirahamwe ryishimisha kandi rikora cyane gahunda zimwe na zimwe zingirakamaro no kugerageza muriki kibazo.
Itandukaniro riri hagati y'Ubushinwa na Amerika:
1) Kwaguka Mpuzamahanga: Benshi muri bagenzi bacu bo muri Amerika babyara inyungu zabo nyamukuru kubakiriya bo murugo, ariko imwe muri buri sosiyete eshatu ifite ibiro mubihugu bibiri cyangwa byinshi, nubwo nta mibanire myiza ugereranije ninjiza numubare wamashami mpuzamahanga. Bigaragara ko igipimo cyo kwagura imitimana hagati yabanyamerika kirenze icyacu, bifitanye isano nibyiza byabo muburyo bwa geografiya, ururimi, numuco. Binjiza amasoko mashya binyuze mu kwaguka mpuzamahanga, babona amikoronyamikoro, cyangwa gushiraho ibigo bike.
Ugereranije n'iki, umubare mpuzamahanga wo kwagura urukurikirane rw'Ubushinwa ni munsi cyane, hamwe n'amasosiyete make gusa agenda neza ku isi. Duhereye ku manza nke zatsinze, birashobora kugaragara ko ahanini ni abayobozi bashinzwe ubucuruzi ubwabo bakeneye gusohoka mbere. Nibyiza kwibanda kumasoko yintego yo hanze, ufite amakipe yibikorwa byaho mukarere, kandi ahuza byimazeyo umuco wibigo, cyane cyane kugurisha no kwamamaza, ku isoko ryaho kugirango ukore akazi keza ko gukorera. Birumvikana ko ibigo bitagiye mumahanga kugirango bagiye kwisi yose, ariko ahubwo bakeneye kubanza gutekereza kuki bashaka ku isi nibyo bigamije? Kuki dushobora kujya mu nyanja? Ubuhanga buhebuje ni ubuhe? Noneho haza ikibazo cyukuntu wasohokaga mu nyanja.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibigo by'ubuhinduzi byo mu gihugu nabyo birabangamira uruhare mu kwitabira inama mpuzamahanga y'urungano. Uruhare rwavugana mu nama mpuzamahanga nka Gala / Alc / LowWorld / Elia bimaze kenshi, kandi ni gake abona ahari urungano rwo mu rugo. Uburyo bwo kuzamura ijwi rusange n'ingaruka z'inganda z'inganda z'Ubushinwa mu muryango mpuzamahanga, kandi hamwe no guhuriza hamwe ubushyuhe, buri gihe ni ikibazo. Ibinyuranye, akenshi tubona ibigo byubusemuzi bya Arijantine bituruka kure mu nama mpuzamahanga. Ntabwo bitabira iyo nama ahubwo bagaragara nkishusho rusange yumuntu usanzwe wo muri Esipanye Wepfo Wel Welsion. Bakina imikino ishinzwe imanza rusange muri iyo nama, babaho mu kirere, kandi bigatuma ikirango rusange, kikaba kikwiye kwigira.
2) Umuguzi: Amatsinda atatu y'abakiriya ba mbere mubijyanye ninjiza muri Amerika ni ubuvuzi, ubucuruzi bwa leta, mugihe cyiterambere ryimiryango 2023 byambukiranya imiryango .2
Abatanga ubuvuzi (harimo n'ibitaro, ibigo by'ubwishingizi, n'amavuriro) ni isoko y'ibanze yinjiza 50% ya bagenzi babo barangaga abanyamerika, biranga Abanyamerika bisobanutse neza. Ku isi yose, Amerika ifite amafaranga menshi akoreshwa mu buzima. Kubera ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda ivanze z'iterabwoba ryigenga ndetse na Leta muri Amerika, amafaranga akoreshwa mu rurimi mu buvuzi akomoka mu bitaro byigenga, ibigo by'ubuvuzi mu bitaro byigenga, ibigo by'Umuremyi, n'amavuriro, ndetse na gahunda za leta. Amasosiyete ya serivisi yindimi agira uruhare runini mugufasha abatanga ubuzima no gukora gahunda yo gukoresha ururimi. Nk'uko amategeko yemewe, gahunda yo gukoresha ururimi ni itegeko kwemeza ko abarwayi bafite ubumenyi bwicyongereza (lep) bafite amahirwe angana kuri serivisi z'ubuvuzi zihamye.
Ibyiza byibisabwa byisoko ryavuzwe haruguru ntibishobora kugereranywa cyangwa bihuye. Ariko isoko ry'abashinwa naryo rifite ibiranga. Mu myaka yashize, guverinoma yatumye umukandara n'umuhengeri w'ibigo by'ibigo bitera mu mahanga bijya mu mahanga ibikenewe byinshi by'ubuhinduzi kuva mu gishinwa cyangwa icyongereza ku ndimi nkeya. Birumvikana, niba ushaka kubigiramo kubigiramo uruhare no kuba umukinnyi ubishoboye, ushimangira kandi ibisabwa murwego rwo hejuru kubigo byacu byubuhinduzi kubikoresho byubuhinduzi kubikoresho byubuhinduzi nubushobozi bwo gucunga imishinga.
3) Ibirimo serivisi: Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cya bagenzi bacu b'Abanyamerika batanga serivisi z'amarenga; 20% by'amasosiyete atanga ibyiciro byururimi (birimo gusuzuma ururimi); 15% by'amasosiyete atanga amahugurwa yindimi (ahanini kumurongo).
Nta makuru ahuye aboneka mubirimo ibirenze ibirenze, ariko ukurikije ibitekerezo byumva, igipimo muri Amerika kigomba kuba kinini kuruta mubushinwa. Uwegukanye isoko ryatsindiye imishinga yo gupiganira amasoko yo mu rugo akenshi ni ishuri ryihariye cyangwa isosiyete ikoranabuhanga, kandi ni gake isosiyete y'ubuhinduzi. Hariho kandi amasosiyete make yubusobanuro ashyira imbere kwipimisha ururimi no guhugura nkubucuruzi bwabo nyamukuru.
2. Ingamba za Corporate
Urungano rwinshi rwabanyamerika rushyira imbere "Kwiyongera kwinjiza" nkuko biri imbere kuri 2023, mugihe kimwe cya gatatu cyamasosiyete ahitamo kugabanya ibiciro byibikorwa.
Kubijyanye n'ingamba za serivisi, igice kirenze kimwe cya kabiri cyongereye serivisi mumyaka itatu ishize, ariko hariho ibigo bike bitegura kongera serivisi zabo mumyaka itatu iri imbere. Serivisi zongereye byinshi ni kwiga, serivisi za subtitle ya subtitle, gukwirakwiza imashini (pemt), kuri bitaragurika icyarimwe (RTI), Dubbing, hamwe na videwo ya kure (Vri). Kwagura serivise bitwarwa cyane nibisabwa kubakiriya. Ni muri urwo rwego, bisa n'ibihe byo mu Bushinwa. Amasosiyete menshi yo mu rurimi rw'igishinwa yashubije mu myaka yashize, no gukura no kugabanya ibikoresho nabyo ni insanganyamatsiko zidashira.
Hagati aho, mu myaka ibiri ishize, urungano rwinshi mu gihugu rwaganiriye ku kuzamura serivisi, niba rwagura urugero rwa serivisi cyangwa kwagura. Kurugero, ibigo byubusembuzi byihariye mubuhinduji bwa patenti byagura ibitekerezo byabo mubindi bice bya serivisi zipatanti; Gukora Ubuhinduzi bwimodoka no gukusanya ubwenge kunganda zimodoka; Sobanura inyandiko zo kwamamaza kugirango zifasha abakiriya gutangaza no gukomeza itangazamakuru ryo kwamamaza hanze; Ndatanga kandi urwego rwo gucapa rwandika hamwe na serivisi zo gucapa nyuma yo guhindura ibyanditswe bigomba gucapwa; Abakora nk'abasemuzi b'inama bafite inshingano zo gukora ibibazo by'inama cyangwa kubaka ikibanza; Mugihe ukora ubusobanuro bwurubuga, seo na sem ndabi, nibindi. Birumvikana ko impinduka zose zisaba ubushakashatsi kandi ntibyoroshye, kandi hazabaho imitego mugihe cyo kugerageza. Ariko, igihe cyose ari ibyahinduwe ku ngamba zakozwe nyuma yo gufata ibyemezo bifatika, birakenewe cyane kugirango twihangane muburyo buteye ubwoba. Mu myaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu ishize, Bibiliya yavuganye yagiye yishyira hejuru yinzego zihagaritse no kwagura ururimi (nka farumasi, patenti, imikino yo kumurongo, nizindi myidagaduro, nibindi bihugu bya Pan. Muri icyo gihe, yanaguriye kandi imbaraga zihagaritse mu buhanga bwayo mubicuruzwa byo mu itumanaho. Mugihe ukora neza muguhindura ibicuruzwa bya serivisi, byinjiye no kwandika kopi yongeyeho-yongeyeho (nko gukoporora amazina, kopi yo kugurisha, ibisobanuro byumunwa, nibindi), kugera kubisubizo byiza.
Mubijyanye nubuzima bwo guhatana, abagenzi benshi b'Abanyamerika babona ibigo binini, ku isi, ku isi yose nk'abanywanyi babo, nkuko byatumye, intambara, imiyoboro, n'ibindi; Mubushinwa, kubera itandukaniro ryabakiriya hagati yamasonga mpuzamahanga hamwe namasosiyete yubuhinduzi bwibanze, hari amarushanwa make. Irushanwa ryinshi riva mumarushanwa yibiciro hagati yamasosiyete yubuhinduzi, hamwe nigiciro gito nibigo binini byabanywanyi nyamukuru, cyane cyane mumishinga ipiganwa.
Buri gihe habaye itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y'Ubushinwa na Amerika mu bijyanye no kwirinda no kugura. Guhuza no kubona ibikorwa byabanyamerika bakomeje guhagarara neza, hamwe nabaguzi bahora bashaka amahirwe hamwe no gushaka amahirwe yo kugurisha cyangwa gutegereza amahirwe yo kugurisha cyangwa gukomeza guhura nibihuza byo kugurisha no kubona. Mu Bushinwa, kubera ibibazo byo kugenzura amafaranga, igiciro kiragoye kubara neza; Muri icyo gihe, kubera umutware kuba umuco wawe ukomeye, hashobora kubaho ingaruka zo kwimura umutungo wabakiriya mbere na nyuma yo guhuza no kugura niba isosiyete ihinduye amaboko. Guhuza no kugura ntabwo aribisanzwe.
3. Ibirimo serivisi
Ubuhinduzi bwimashini (MT) bwaremewe cyane na bagenzi bacu muri Amerika. Ariko, ikoreshwa rya MT muri sosiyete akenshi ihitamo kandi ingamba, kandi ibintu bitandukanye birashobora kugira ingaruka kubishobora kwigira no ku nyungu. Hafi ya bibiri bya gatatu byabanyamerika batanga imashini guhindura imashini (pemt) nkumurimo kubakiriya babo, ariko tep ikomeje kuba serivisi yubuhinduzi ikunze gukoreshwa. Mugihe uhisemo muburyo butatu bwumusaruro, imashini yera, hamwe nubusobanuro bwimashini no guhinduranya ibindi bintu binini bigira ingaruka kubindi bintu bibiri by'ingenzi (ubwoko bw'ibirimo no guhuza ururimi).
Kubijyanye no gusobanura, isoko rya Amerika ryahinduye ibintu byingenzi. Hafi ya bitatu bya kane byabatanga serivise zabanyamerika basobanura amashusho gusobanura amashusho ya kure (Vri) no gusobanura terefone (OPI), hamwe na bibiri bya gatatu byamasosiyete atangiza kure (RSI). Ibice bitatu by'ingenzi by'abatanga serivisi zo gusobanura ni ibisobanuro byubuzima, ibisobanuro byubucuruzi, hamwe nubusobanuro bwemewe. RSI isa nkaho ikomeza gukura cyane isoko rya Niche muri Amerika. Nubwo RSI Abunya ahanini ari ibigo byikoranabuhanga ahanini, ibibuga byinshi ubu bitanga byoroshye kubona serivisi zisobanura binyuze muri rubanda no / cyangwa ubufatanye nibigo bya serivisi byururimi. Kwishyira hamwe kwa RSI Platform hamwe nibikoresho byo gukora inama kumurongo nko zoom hamwe nabandi bakiriya bashyira aya masosiyete muburyo bwiza bwo gucunga ibikenewe. Nibyo, imvugo ya RIS nayo igaragara nabanyamerika benshi nkumunywanyi butaziguye. Nubwo RSI ifite inyungu nyinshi mubijyanye no guhinduka no kubiciro, bizana ibibazo bishyirwa mubikorwa, harimo n'ubuto, ubuziranenge bwamajwi, ibibazo byumutekano wamakuru, nibindi.
Ibiri hejuru bifite ibyo bisa nibitandukaniro mubushinwa, nka RSI. Ubusobanuro bwa TobChina bwashyizeho ubufatanye bufatika hamwe na sosiyete ya platifomu mbere yicyorezo. Mugihe icyorezo, uru rubuga rwagize ubucuruzi bwinshi bwonyine, ariko nyuma yicyorezo, byinshi kandi byinshi byamateraniro akoresheje umurongo wa interineti. Kubwibyo, ukurikije uko usobanura nkabatanga ibisobanuro, byunvikana kubisobanuro kurubuga byiyongereye cyane, kandi RST yanze kurwego runaka, ariko RSI rwose ni inzitizi zikenewe hamwe nabatanga serivise zo mu gihugu. Muri icyo gihe, gukoresha Opi muri telefoni bimaze kuba munsi yisoko ry'Ubushinwa kuruta muri Amerika, kuko ibintu nyamukuru bikoreshwa muri Amerika, kuko ibintu by'ingenzi byo gukoresha muri Amerika, nk'uko ibintu byingenzi byo gushyira muri Amerika ari ubuvuzi kandi byemewe n'amategeko, bibura mu Bushinwa.
Kubijyanye nubuhinduzi bwimashini, imashini yo guhindura imashini (pemt) ni ibicuruzwa byinkoko mubikorwa bya serivisi byamasosiyete yubuhinduzi bwimbere mu gihugu. Ni gake abakiriya bahitamo, kandi ibyo bashaka byinshi ni ukubona umuvuduko umwe kandi wihuta wibishushanyo mbonera byabantu ku giciro cyegereye imashini. Kubwibyo, gukoresha ubusobanuro bwimashini biragaragara cyane mubikorwa byo gukora ibigo byahinduwe, tutitaye ko bikoreshwa cyangwa bidakenewe, dukeneye guha abakiriya ubuziranenge bwimiterere n'ibiciro bike (byihuse, byiza, kandi bihendutse). Birumvikana, hariho nabakiriya batanga ibitekerezo bitaziguye kandi bagasaba ibigo byubuhinduzi kugirango basuzume kuri iyi ngingo. Imyumvire yahinduwe mubuhinduzi nuko ireme ryimashini itangwa numukiriya ari kure yumukiriya, hamwe nibisobanuro byigitabo bisaba gutabara kwimbitse, akenshi birenze gutabara. Ariko, igiciro gitangwa nuwabakiriya kiri munsi yibisobanuro byintoki.
4. Gukura no kunguka
Nubwo politiki ya Magieconomic na Isi idashidikanywaho, imikurire ya Amerika muri 2022 yagumye cyane, hamwe n'ibigo 60% by'amasosiyete yiyongera kandi 25% ahisha ibiciro 25%. Uku kwihangana bifitanye isano nibintu byinshi byingenzi: Amafaranga yinjira mumasosiyete yindimi ava mumirima itandukanye, ituma ingaruka rusange zo guhora zihindagurika kuri sosiyete ugereranije ni nto; Tekinoroji nk'amajwi ku nyandiko, ibisobanuro by'imashini, hamwe no gusobanura imashini bikorohereza ubucuruzi gushyira mu bikorwa ibisubizo by'imiryango mu bidukikije bitandukanye, kandi koresha ibibazo by'imirimo y'ururimi bikomeje kwaguka; Muri icyo gihe, inganda z'ubuzima n'inzego za Leta muri Amerika zikomeje kongera amafaranga ajyanye; Byongeye kandi, abaturage bafite ubumenyi buke bw'icyongereza (Lep) muri Amerika buri gihe niyongera, kandi gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko y'ingamba z'indimi nabyo ariyongera.
Muri 2022, urungano rwabanyamerika muri rusange rurunguka, hamwe nimbonerano yinyungu rusange hagati ya 29% na 43%, hamwe namahugurwa yindimi afite inyungu nyinshi (43%). Ariko, ugereranije numwaka ushize, abantu bahangayikishijwe nibikorwa byubuhinduzi nubusobanuro byagabanutse gato. Nubwo ibigo byinshi byongereye amagambo kubakiriya, ubwiyongere bwibiciro byo gukora (cyane cyane amafaranga yumurimo) bikomeje kuba ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku nyungu ziyi serivisi zombi.
Mu Bushinwa, muri rusange, amafaranga yinjira mu masosiyete y'ubuhinduzi nayo arazuka muri 2022. Ukurikije inyungu nyinshi ku nyungu, birashobora kuvugwa ko bisa na bagenzi be b'Abanyamerika. Ariko, itandukaniro ni uko ukurikije amagambo yavuzwe, cyane cyane kumishinga minini, amagambo yavuzwe ni hepfo. Kubwibyo, ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku nyungu ntabwo byiyongereye mu biciro by'amategeko, ariko kugabanuka kw'igiciro giterwa n'amarushanwa y'ibiciro. Kubwibyo, mubihe bidashobora kugabanywa, ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga nkubwenge bwubuhanga bwo kugabanya ibiciro no kongera imikorere biracyari guhitamo byanze bikunze.
5. Ibiciro
Mu isoko rya Amerika, igipimo cyo guhindura, guhindura, no gusuzuma (tep) muri rusange byiyongereyeho 2% kugeza kuri 9%. Raporo ya Alc ikubiyemo ibiciro byicyongereza byicyongereza: Icyarabu, Igiporutugali, Igishinwa cyoroshye, Igifaransa, Ikidage, Ikidage, Ikidage, Ikirusiya, Ikirusiya, Inkoranyamagambo Igiciro cya Median mu gitabo cy'Icyongereza ni 0.23 Amadorari y'Amerika kuri buri jambo, hamwe nigiciro kiri hagati ya 0.10 hamwe nigiciro kinini cya 0.31; Igiciro cya Median mu buhinduzi bworoheje Ubuhinduzi bw'icyongereza ni 0.24, hamwe nigiciro hagati ya 0.20 na 0.31.
Urungano rw'Abanyamerika muri rusange bavuga ko "abakiriya bizeye ko ibikoresho by'ubutasi n'ibikoresho bya MT burashobora kugabanya ibiciro, ariko ntibishobora kureka urwego rwiza rwo gukora 100%.". Ibiciro bya Pemt muri rusange 20% kugeza kuri 35% munsi ya serivisi zubuhinduzi. Nubwo Ijambo ryanditswe ryibiciro ryicyitegererezo kigitegeka inganda zururimi, ikoreshwa rya Pemt ryabaye ingufu zitera ibigo bimwe na bimwe kugirango utangire izindi moderi.
Ku bijyanye no gusobanura, igipimo cya serivisi muri 2022 cyiyongereye ugereranije n'umwaka ushize. Ubwiyongere bukabije bwari bushingiye ku bisobanuro ku rubuga, Opi, Vri, na serivisi za serivisi zose ziyongera kuri 7% kugeza kuri 9%.
Ugereranije nibi, amasosiyete yo mu gihugu mubushinwa ntabwo afite amahirwe menshi. Ku muvuduko w'ibidukikije, ihungabana ry'ikoranabuhanga nk'ubwenge bw'ikoranabuhanga, kugenzura ibiciro by'ibirori a, no guhatanira ibiciro mu nganda, ibiciro by'ibiciro byo mu kanwa, ibiciro by'ibisobanuro byo mu kanwa no byagabanutse ariko byagabanutseho, cyane cyane mu biciro by'ibisobanuro.
6. Ikoranabuhanga
1) TMS / Igikoresho cy'injangwe: Memoq ayobowe, hamwe na 50% by'abanyamerika bakoresheje uru rubuga, bukurikirwa na RWSTRADOS. Boostlingi ni platifomu ikoreshwa cyane, hamwe hafi 30% byamasosiyete atanga raporo yo gutegura, gucunga, cyangwa gutanga serivisi zo gusobanura. Hafi ya kimwe cya gatatu cyibigo bipimisha ururimi gukoresha zoom kugirango utange serivisi zipimisha. Muguhitamo ibikoresho byubuhinduzi bwimashini, Amazon aws nicyo cyatoranijwe cyane, gikurikirwa na Alibaba na Longl, hanyuma Google.
Ibintu mu Bushinwa birasa, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo guhitamo ibikoresho, kimwe nibicuruzwa bivuye mubigo bikomeye nka Baidu na Wolowao, kimwe na moteri yubuhinduzi byingenzi mumirima yihariye. Muri urungano rwo murugo, usibye gukoresha ibisobanuro byimashini ukoresheje ibigo byaho, ibigo byinshi biracyashingira muburyo bukoreshwa mubuhinduzi. Ariko, ibigo bimwe byubusekuru bifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwikoranabuhanga cyangwa kwibanda kumurima runaka nabyo byatangiye gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'ubuhinduzi. Mubisanzwe bakoresha moteri yubuhinduzi imashini ziguzwe cyangwa zikodeshwa kubandi bantu ariko bahugura bakoresheje corpus yabo.
2) Icyitegererezo kinini cyururimi (LLM): Ifite ubushobozi buhebuje bwimashini, ariko nanone ifite ibyiza nibibi. Muri Amerika, ibigo bya serivisi byururimi bigifite uruhare runini mugutanga serivisi zururimi mubucuruzi ku rugero runini. Inshingano zabo zirimo guhuza abaguzi bigoye binyuze muri serivisi zitandukanye zikoranabuhanga, kandi wubake ikiraro hagati ya serivisi ubwenge bwubuhanga bushobora gutanga kandi serivisi zururimi abakiriya bakeneye kubishyira mubikorwa. Ariko, kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa ryubwenge bwubukorikori kumurimo wimbere ni kure cyane. Hafi ya bibiri bya gatatu byurungano rwabanyamerika ntabwo byakoresheje ubwenge bwubukorikori kugirango bushoboze cyangwa bikora akazi kwose. Inzira ikunze gukoreshwa kugirango ukoreshe ubwenge bwubukorikori nkumpamvu yo gutwara mumurimo ni uko yafashaga AI yaremye. Amasosiyete 10% gusa akoresha ubwenge bwubukorikori kubisesengura ryanditse; Hafi ya 10% byamasosiyete akoresha ubwenge bwubukorikori kugirango asuzume ubuziranenge; Amasosiyete atarenze 5% akoresha ubwenge bwubukorikori kuri gahunda cyangwa gufasha abasemuzi mubikorwa byabo. Ariko, urungano rwabanyamerika benshi rurumva neza llm, na kimwe cya gatatu cyibigo ni ugupima ibibazo.
Ni muri urwo rwego, mu ntangiriro, urungano rwinshi mu rugo ntirwashoboye guhuza ibicuruzwa binini cyane mu mahanga mu mahanga, nko kuganira, mu buryo bw'umushinga kubera imbogamizi zitandukanye. Kubwibyo, barashobora gukoresha ibyo bicuruzwa nkibibazo byubwenge nibikoresho byishura ibikoresho. Ariko, mugihe, ibi bicuruzwa ntabwo byakoreshejwe nka moteri yubuhinduzi gusa, ariko nanone byinjijwe neza mubindi bikorwa nkibisobanuro no gusuzuma. Imishinga itandukanye yaya llms irashobora gukangurwa kugirango itange serivisi zuzuye kumishinga. Birakwiye ko tuvuga ko, dutwarwa nibicuruzwa byamabanyamahanga, ibicuruzwa byateye imbere byateye imbere nabyo. Ariko, ukurikije ibitekerezo byubu, haracyari icyuho gikomeye hagati yibicuruzwa byimbere mu gihugu hamwe namahanga, ariko twizera ko hazabaho urugendo rwikoranabuhanga ndetse no guhangayikishwa nikizaza kugirango tugabanye iki cyuho.
3) Mt, inyandiko yikora, na ai subtitles ni serivisi zisanzwe AI. Ibintu mu Bushinwa birasa, bifite iterambere rikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga nko kumenyekana imvugo no kwandika byikora mu myaka yashize, bituma habaho iterambere ryibiciro. Birumvikana, hamwe nuburyo bwagabanijwe hamwe nibisabwa, abakiriya bahora bashaka ibiciro byiza mugihe cyingengo yikoranabuhanga mu ngendo, kandi abatanga ikoranabuhanga rero baharanira guteza imbere ibisubizo byiza.
4) Mu rwego rwo guhuza serivisi z'ubuhinduzi, TMS irashobora guhuza hamwe na platform zitandukanye nka CMS y'abakiriya (sisitemu yo gucunga ibiriho) n'ibitabo bya dosiye; Kubijyanye na serivisi zo gusobanura, ibikoresho byo gusobanura kure birashobora guhuzwa numukiriya wa kure yubuzima bwo gutanga ubuvuzi no guhuza amakuru kumurongo. Ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho no gushyira mubikorwa kwishyira hejuru, ariko kwishyira hamwe birashobora kubashyingiranwa byimiterere yisosiyete yubuhanga bwikoranabuhanga ryabakiriya, bigatuma bifite akamaro. Abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'abanyamerika bemeza ko kwishyira hamwe ari ngombwa gukomeza guhatanira amarushanwa, hamwe na 60% by'amasosiyete yakira igice cy'ubuhinduzi bw'agace binyuze mu bikorwa byikora. Ku bijyanye n'ingamba z'ikoranabuhanga, amasosiyete menshi afata inzira yo kugura, hamwe na 35% by'amasosiyete ashyiraho uburyo bwo guhaguruka "kugura no kubaka".
Mubushinwa, ubusobanuro bunini cyangwa ibigo bishinzwe gukura ubusanzwe butezimbere urubuga ruhujwe kugirango rukoreshe imbere, kandi bamwe barashobora no kubucuruzi. Byongeye kandi, bamwe mubatanga tekinolojinya yabandi batanga nabo ibicuruzwa byabo bwite, guhuza injangwe, MT, na llm. Mugusubiramo inzira no guhuza ubwenge bwubukorikori hamwe nubusobanuro bwabantu, tugamije gukora umurimo wubwenge. Ibi kandi bishyira imbere ibisabwa bishya kubushobozi no guhugura icyerekezo cyimpano zururimi. Mu bihe biri imbere, inganda z'ubuhinduzi zizabona ibintu byinshi by'ubufatanye bwa muntu, bigaragaza inganda zisaba iterambere ryubwenge kandi rinoze. Abasemuzi bakeneye kwiga uburyo bwo gukoresha neza ibitekerezo byubutasi nubufasha kugirango utezimbere ubusobanuro rusange nubuziranenge.
Ubusobanuro bwa TobChina bwanagerageje cyane gushyira mu bikorwa urubuga ruhujwe na gahunda yarwo bwite. Kugeza ubu, turacyari mu cyiciro cyubushakashatsi, bitera ikibazo kubayobozi bashinzwe umushinga nabasemuzi mubijyanye ningeso zakazi. Bakeneye gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi zo guhuza nuburyo bushya bwakazi. Muri icyo gihe, imikorere yo gukoresha kandi ikeneye gukomeza kwitegereza no gusuzuma. Ariko, twizera ko ubu bushakashatsi bwiza bukenewe.
7. Urunigi rwibikoresho n'abakozi
Hafi 80% by'abanyamerika batanga raporo yo kubura impano. Kugurisha, abasemuzi, hamwe nabayobozi bashinzwe imishinga batondekanya hejuru mu myanya bafite icyifuzo cyo hejuru ariko kito. Umushahara ukomeza kuba uhagaze neza, ariko kugurisha byiyongereyeho 20% ugereranije numwaka ushize, mugihe imyanya yubuyobozi yagabanutseho 8%. Icyerekezo cya serivisi na serivisi zabakiriya, kimwe nubutasi bwa artificial namakuru manini, bafatwa nkubuhanga bwingenzi kubakozi mumyaka itatu iri imbere. Umuyobozi wumushinga nimpapuro zisanzwe zahawe akazi, kandi amasosiyete menshi akoresha umuyobozi wumushinga. Munsi ya 20% byamasosiyete akoresha abategura tekinike / software.
Ibintu mu Bushinwa birasa. Kubijyanye nabakozi b'igihe cyose, biragoye kubijyanye nubuhinduzi bwo kugumana impano nziza zo kugurisha, cyane cyane abumva umusaruro, isoko, na serivisi zabakiriya. Nubwo twafata intambwe inyuma tugavuga ko ubucuruzi bwikigo cyacu bushingiye gusa kubakiriya ba kera, ntabwo ari igisubizo kimwe. Kugira ngo dutanga serivisi nziza, dukeneye kandi guhangana n'amarushanwa ku giciro gifatika, icyarimwe, hari kandi usobanukiwe n'imikorere y'abakozi bashinzwe imishinga (Ushobora gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho bya serivisi by'Umushinga (Ninde ushobora gukoresha ibikoresho by'umushinga) hamwe n'ibikoresho bishya by'ubutasi by'ubutasi).
Mu rwego rwo gutanga ibikoresho, mubikorwa bifatika byubucuruzi bwahinduwe bwa Tocacchina, bizaboneka ko mu Bushinwa harakenewe byinshi mu Bushinwa habaye ibisabwa byinshi mu Bushinwa, nkibikenewe kubuhinduzi bwibanze mubihugu byigihugu mubigo byabashinwa kugirango bajye kwisi yose; Ibikoresho mu ndimi nke zinyuranye zijyanye no kwaguka mu mahanga; Impano zihariye muburyo buhagaritse (haba mubuvuzi, gukina, patenti, amapande, nibindi bihuriye nibyiciro nubunararibonye, birashoboka cyane ko badashobora kwinjira); Hariho ikibazo rusange cyabasemuzi, ariko bakeneye kurushaho guhinduka mubijyanye nigihe cya serivisi (nko kwishyuza isaha cyangwa gito, aho kuba igice cyumunsi utangira igiciro). Ishami ryabasemuzi rero ryamasosiyete yubuhinduzi rero riragenda rirushaho kuba impamyabumenyi, rikora nk'itsinda rishinzwe gutera inkunga hafi ishami ry'ubucuruzi kandi risaba itsinda ryerekana ibikoresho bihuye n'umubumbe w'ubucuruzi bw'isosiyete. Birumvikana ko kugura umutungo bitarimo abasemuzi ba soflance gusa, ariko kandi hamwe nibice bifatanyabikorwa byurungano, nkuko byavuzwe haruguru.
8. Kugurisha no Kwamamaza
Hubspot na LinkedIn nibikoresho nyamukuru byo kugurisha no kwamamaza ibikoresho bya bagenzi babo b'Abanyamerika. Muri 2022, amasosiyete azagenera impuzandengo ya 7% yinjiza buri mwaka kugirango asoreshe.
Ugereranije n'iki, nta bikoresho byingirakamaro byo kugurisha mu Bushinwa, kandi LinkedIn ntibishobora gukoreshwa mubisanzwe mubushinwa. Uburyo bwo kugurisha ni ugupiganira amasoko cyangwa abayobozi bakora kugurisha, kandi hari amakipe menshi yo kugurisha. Kuzenguruka abakiriya ni birebire cyane, kandi gusobanukirwa no gucunga "ubushobozi bwa" kugurisha "busanzwe muri leta shingiro, niyo mpamvu yo gukora buhoro, ingufu zo gushaka ikipe yo kugurisha.
Mu rwego rwo kwamamaza, mugenzi wawe hafi ya buri kandi ukoresha konti ya Wechat, hanyuma uvuga kandi konte yabo ya WeChat. Muri icyo gihe, Bilibili, Xiaohongshu, Zhihu, nibindi kandi bafite uburyo bwo kubungabunga, kandi ubu bwoko bwo kwamamaza ahanini bushingiye ku kirango; Ijambo ryibanze Sem na Seo ya Baidu cyangwa Google bakunda guhinduka mu buryo butaziguye, ariko mu myaka yashize, ikiguzi cyo guhinduka iperereza cyarushijeho kwiyongera. Usibye gupiganira amasoko yo kwiyongera, ikiguzi cyabakozi bashinzwe kwamamaza inzoga mu kwamamaza nacyo cyiyongereye. Byongeye kandi, ireme ry'ibibazo ryazanywe no kwamamaza ritaringaniye, kandi ntigishobora kwibasirwa hakurikijwe itsinda ryabakiriya ryimishinga, ntabwo ikora neza. Kubwibyo, mumyaka yashize, urungano rwinshi rwimbere rwataye moteri ikwirakwizwa rya moteri ikwirakwizwa kandi bakoresha abakozi bagurisha byinshi kugirango bakore ibicuruzwa bigenewe.
Ugereranije n'inganda muri Amerika zimara 7% by'imisoro ya buri mwaka ku bijyanye no kwamamaza, ibigo by'ubuhinduzi byo mu gihugu bishora bike muri kano karere. Impamvu nyamukuru yo gushora imari bike ntabwo ijyanye n'akamaro kayo cyangwa kutamenya kubikora neza. Ntibyoroshye gukora ibirimo byamamaza kuri serivisi za B2B, kandi ikibazo cyo gushyira mubikorwa byo kwamamaza nicyo kirimo gukurura abakiriya.
9. Ibindi bice
1) Ibipimo n'impamyabumenyi
Abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cyabanyamerika bagenzi be bizera ko icyemezo cyi iso cyerekana gukomeza guhatanira, ariko ntabwo ari ngombwa. Iso rizwi cyane ISO17100: Icyemezo cya 2015, cyanyuze kuri imwe muri buri sosiyete eshatu.
Ibintu mu Bushinwa ni uko imishinga myinshi ipiganwa hamwe n'amasoko y'imbere y'ibigo bimwe na bimwe bisaba ISO9001, ku buryo hateganijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho, amasosiyete ateganijwe akenera icyemezo. Ugereranije nabandi, iso17100 ni ingingo ya bonus, nabandi bakiriya b'amahanga bafite iki cyifuzo. Kubwibyo, amasosiyete yubusobanuro azacira urubanza niba ari ngombwa gukora iri tangarugero rishingiye kubakiriya babo. Muri icyo gihe, hari kandi ubufatanye bukoreshwa hagati yishyirahamwe ry'ubushya bw'Ubushinwa n'itsinda ry'ikirango cya FANGGuan bwo gutangiza urwego (A-5a) cyemeza serivisi z'ubuhinduzi mu Bushinwa.
2) Ibipimo nyamukuru byo gusuzuma imikorere
50% by'abanyamerika bagenzi bakoresha amafaranga nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubucuruzi, kandi 28% by'amasosiyete akoresha inyungu nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubucuruzi. Ibipimo bikunze gukoreshwa bidafite amafaranga ni ibitekerezo byabakiriya, abakiriya ba kera, umubare wibikorwa, umubare wamabwiriza / imishinga, nabakiriya bashya. Ibitekerezo byabakiriya nigipimo gikunze gukoreshwa mugupima ubuziranenge. Ibintu mu Bushinwa birasa.
3) Amabwiriza n'amategeko
Ibipimo bishya bivuye mu ishyirahamwe rito ry'ubucuruzi rya Amerika (SBA) rizatangira gukurikizwa muri Mutarama 2022. Uruganda rwo guhindura no gusobanura amasosiyete ava muri miliyoni 8 z'amadolari kugeza kuri miliyoni 8 z'amadolari ku ya miliyoni 22.5 z'amadolari. Sba ubucuruzi buciriritse bujuje amahirwe yo gutanga amasoko yatanzwe na leta ya reta, bitabira gahunda zitandukanye ziterambere ryubucuruzi, gahunda ziterambere, kandi bafite amahirwe yo gusabana ninzobere zitandukanye. Ibintu mu Bushinwa biratandukanye. Hano hari igitekerezo cyimishinga mito na micro mu Bushinwa, kandi inkunga igaragarira cyane mu bijyanye n'imisoro.
4) Amakuru Yibanga hamwe numutekano wumuyoboro
Abarenga 80% by'abanyamerika bashyize mu bikorwa politiki n'ingero zo gukumira ibintu bya cyber. Ibice birenga kimwe cya kabiri cyashyize mubikorwa uburyo bwo kumenyana. Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cyibigo bikora isuzuma risanzwe kandi bashiraho inshingano ninshingano zijyanye nimyambarire rusange muri sosiyete. Ibi ni bigurundwa kuruta ibigo byinshi byubusemuzi.
二, muri make, muri raporo ya Alc, twabonye amagambo menshi y'ingenzi avuye mu masosiyete y'Abanyamerika y'urungano:
1. Gukura
Muri 2023, hakonja ibidukikije bigoye mu bukungu, inganda z'imirimo muri Amerika ziracyakomeza imbaraga zikomeye, hamwe n'ibigo byinshi bigera ku mikurire kandi bihamye. Ariko, ibidukikije biriho bitanga ibibazo bikomeye ku nyungu zamasosiyete. "Gukura" bikomeje kwibanda ku masosiyete y'imirimo yo mu rurimi muri 2023, bigaragazwa no gukomeza amakipe yo kugurisha no guhitamo uruniko rutanga ibikoresho kubasemuzi n'abasemuzi. Muri icyo gihe, urwego rwo guhuza no kugura mu nganda rugumaho gihamye, ahanini biterwa n'ibyiringiro byo kwinjira mu murima mushya uhagaritse no ku masoko yo mu karere.
2. Igiciro
Nubwo umubare w'abakozi uhora wiyongera, isoko ry'umurimo ryazanye kandi ibibazo bigaragara; Abahagarariye ibicuruzwa byiza nabayobozi bashinzwe imishinga ni make. Hagati aho, igitutu cyo kugenzura ibiciro bituma gushaka abasemuzi b'ubudozi bw'ubudozi aho bitoroshye.
3. Ikoranabuhanga
Umuhengeri w'impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga uhora uhuza aho uhagaze inganda z'inganda z'imirimo, kandi imishinga ihura nazo kandi ingamba zifatika: Nigute ushobora guhuza n'ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya n'ubumenyi bw'umwuga? Nigute ushobora guhuza ibikoresho bishya mumurimo? Amasosiyete amwe mato ahangayikishijwe niba bashobora gukomeza impinduka zikoranabuhanga. Ariko, abo dukorana benshi bo muri Amerika bafite imyumvire myiza ku ikoranabuhanga rishya kandi twiyemere ko inganda zifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza n'ibidukikije by'ikoranabuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga.
4. Icyerekezo cya serivisi
Icyerekezo cya Servic "cya serivisi" ni insanganyamatsiko yasabwe kenshi na bagenzi be bahinduwe b'Abanyamerika. Ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibisubizo byururimi ningamba bishingiye kubikenewe byabakiriya bifatwa nkubuhanga bwingenzi kubakozi mu nganda zimyandikire.
Ijambo ryibanze ryavuzwe haruguru naryo rikoreshwa mubushinwa. Amasosiyete afite "imikurire" muri raporo ya Alc ntabwo ari hagati ya 500000 na miliyoni 1 z'amadolari y'Amerika nk'ubucuruzi buke bwo kwinjira, kandi ko ubucuruzi bw'ubuhinduzi bwo mu gihugu ndetse n'ubucuruzi bwo mu gihugu kandi ni bwo bucuruzi bwo mu gihugu kandi ni bwo bucuruzi bw'ubuhinduzi bw'imbere mu myaka yashize, byerekana ko Matayo ari ingaruka zikomeye. Duhereye kuri iyi ngingo, kongerwaho amafaranga aracyari imbere. Kubijyanye nigiciro, ibigo byubusemuzi mbere byaguzwe ibiciro byo gutanga umusaruro mubi ahanini kubisobanuro byintoki, usuzuma, cyangwa pemt. Ariko, muburyo bushya bwo gusaba aho Pemt igenda ikoreshwa mugusohora ubuziranenge bwubusobanuro, uburyo bwo guhindura ibikorwa bishya byo gukora ibishushanyo mbonera byashyizwe ahagaragara kugirango bigerweho kugirango dushyireho ubusobanuro (bitandukanye na Pemt yoroshye), mugihe gitanga amabwiriza mashya.
Mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, urungano rwo mu rugo narwo rutanga cyane ikoranabuhanga no guhindura ibikenewe mu mirimo. Kubijyanye na serivisi ya serivisi, niba Topchina yahinduye ifite umubano ukomeye wabakiriya cyangwa ushingiye ku iterambere rihoraho, gucunga ibirango, kunonosora serivisi, no kubisaba abakiriya. Ikimenyetso cyo gusuzuma kivuga ko ari "Ibitekerezo by'abakiriya", aho kwizera ko "uburyo bwuzuye bwo gutanga umusaruro no kugenzura ubuziranenge bwashyizwe mu bikorwa". Igihe cyose habaye urujijo, gusohoka, kwegera abakiriya, no kumva amajwi yabo nibyo byambere byo gucunga abakiriya.
Nubwo 2022 yari umwaka ukomeye cyane ku cyorezo cyo mu rugo, amasosiyete agenga ibihugu byinshi byo mu gihugu aracyafite iterambere ryinjira. 2023 Numwaka wambere nyuma yo gukira icyorezo. Ibidukikije bya politiki nubukungu bya politiki nubukungu, kimwe ningaruka ebyiri z'ikoranabuhanga rya Ai, ibibazo bikomeye mu mikurire no inyungu z'amasosiyete y'ubuhinduzi. Nigute Ukoresha Ikoranabuhanga kugirango ugabanye ibiciro no kongera imikorere? Nigute watsinda mumarushanwa akomeye akomeye? Nigute ushobora kwibanda cyane kubakiriya no guhaza ibyifuzo byabo bihinduka, cyane cyane serivisi mpuzamahanga yindimi ikenera imishinga yaho mumyaka myinshi yubushinwa mumyaka yashize, mugihe ibintu byihariye byatewe? Ibigo byubusemuzi byabashinwa biragaragara cyane no kwitoza ibi bibazo. Usibye itandukaniro mubintu byigihugu, turashobora kubona ibintu byingirakamaro muri bagenzi bacu bo muri Amerika muri raporo ya 2023.
Iyi ngingo itangwa na Madamu Sung (Umuyobozi mukuru wa Shanghai TopChina kugisha inama Co., Ltd.)
Igihe cyagenwe: Feb-01-2024