Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko byahinduwe bivuye mu gishinwa hakoreshejwe imashini ihindura inyandiko nta guhindurwa nyuma.
Ishyirahamwe ry’Amasosiyete y’Indimi y’Abanyamerika (ALC) ni ishyirahamwe ry’inganda rikorera muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Abanyamuryango b’iryo shyirahamwe ahanini ni ibigo bitanga serivisi zo guhindura, gusobanura, gushyira mu bikorwa aho ibintu biherereye, no gucuruza indimi. ALC ikora inama ngarukamwaka buri mwaka kugira ngo ivugire uburenganzira bw’inganda, igire ibiganiro ku ngingo nko guteza imbere inganda, imicungire y’ubucuruzi, isoko n’ikoranabuhanga, ndetse inategure abahagarariye amasosiyete y’ubuhinduzi y’Abanyamerika kugira ngo bashishikarize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko. Uretse gutumira abavugizi b’inganda, inama ngarukamwaka izategura kandi abajyanama bazwi mu micungire y’ibigo cyangwa impuguke mu guhugura abayobozi n’abandi bavugizi batari abavugizi b’inganda, kandi ishyire ahagaragara raporo y’inganda ya ALC ngarukamwaka.
Muri iyi nkuru, turagaragaza ibikubiye muri Raporo y'Inganda ya 2023ALC (yasohotse muri Nzeri 2023, aho bibiri bya gatatu by'ibigo byakoreweho ubushakashatsi ari abanyamuryango ba ALC kandi bifite icyicaro gikuru kirenga 70% muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika), hamwe n'uburambe bwite bwa TalkingChina Translate muri uru rwego, kugira ngo tugereranye neza imiterere y'ubucuruzi bw'inganda z'ubuhinduzi mu Bushinwa no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Twizeye kandi gukoresha amabuye y'ibindi bihugu kugira ngo twihingure ibara ryacu.
Raporo ya ALC itanga imibare y'ingenzi y'inganda iturutse ku ngingo 14 kugira ngo tuyirebe kandi tuyigereranye imwe ku yindi:
1. Uburyo bw'ubucuruzi
Ibisa hagati y'Ubushinwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika:
1) Ibikubiye muri serivisi: 60% bya serivisi z'ingenzi za bagenzi babo b'Abanyamerika bibanda ku guhindura inyandiko, 30% ku gusobanura inyandiko, naho 10% bisigaye biganjemo serivisi zitandukanye zo guhindura inyandiko; Ibice birenga kimwe cya kabiri by'ibigo bitanga serivisi zo gushyira mu bikorwa itangazamakuru, harimo kwandika inyandiko, kwandika inyandiko, kwandika inyandiko zisobanura ibintu, no kwandika inyandiko zisobanura ibintu.
2) Umuguzi: Nubwo abarenga bibiri bya gatatu by'abanyamerika bakorera ibigo by'amategeko, 15% by'ibigo gusa ni byo bikoresha nk'isoko ry'ibanze ry'amafaranga. Ibi bigaragaza ko amafaranga akoreshwa mu gutanga serivisi z'indimi mu bigo by'amategeko akwirakwira cyane, muri rusange ajyanye n'igihe gito cy'ibikenewe mu guhindura inyandiko mu mategeko ndetse n'igihe gito cyo kugura inyandiko mu nganda. Byongeye kandi, abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'abanyamerika dutanga serivisi z'indimi ku bigo by'ubuhanzi, ubucuruzi, n'ikoranabuhanga. Ibi bigo bikorera nk'abahuza hagati y'ibigo by'ubuhanzi mu ndimi n'abaguzi ba nyuma bo mu nganda zitandukanye. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, uruhare n'imbibi za serivisi z'indimi byarahindutse: bimwe mu bigo by'ubuhanzi bitanga serivisi z'indimi, mu gihe ibindi byagutse mu rwego rwo guhanga ibikubiye mu nyandiko. Hagati aho, 95% by'abanyamerika dutanga serivisi z'indimi ku bindi bigo by'ubuhanzi, kandi amasoko muri uru rwego aterwa n'imikoranire.
Ibiranga byavuzwe haruguru bisa n'ibiri mu Bushinwa. Urugero, mu bikorwa by'ubucuruzi biherutse, TalkingChina Translation yahuye n'ikibazo aho umukiriya ukomeye wari umaze imyaka myinshi akora, bitewe no gutekereza ku buryo ibintu bihora bihinduka n'ikiguzi, yasubije amasoko ku isoko ry'amashusho yose, igishushanyo, animasiyo, ubuhinduzi, n'ibindi bigo bifitanye isano n'ibirimo. Abitabiriye amasoko bari amasosiyete yamamaza cyane cyane, kandi uwatsindiye isoko yabaye rwiyemezamirimo mukuru w'ubuhanzi bw'ibirimo. Imirimo yo guhindura yanakozwe n'uyu rwiyemezamirimo mukuru, cyangwa akabikora wenyine cyangwa agasezerana na we ubwe. Muri ubu buryo, nk'umutanga serivisi z'ubuhinduzi bwa mbere, TalkingChina ishobora gusa kwihatira gukomeza gukorana n'uyu rwiyemezamirimo mukuru uko bishoboka kose, kandi biragoye cyane kurenga umupaka no kuba rwiyemezamirimo mukuru w'ubuhanzi bw'ibirimo.
Ku bijyanye n'ubufatanye bw'abahuje, igipimo cyihariye mu Bushinwa ntikizwi, ariko nta gushidikanya ko cyabaye ikintu gikunze kugaragara mu myaka ya vuba aha, kigamije guhaza ibyifuzo by'abakiriya, kongera ubushobozi mu nzego zigenga n'izindi ndimi, gushyiraho uburyo bworoshye bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa, cyangwa kwagura cyangwa gusya ubushobozi bwo gukora, hamwe n'inyungu zuzuzanya. Ishyirahamwe ryigenga ry'abantu ku giti cyabo ririmo gukora gahunda n'igerageza ry'ingirakamaro muri uru rwego.
Itandukaniro riri hagati y'Ubushinwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika:
1) Kwaguka mu mahanga: Abenshi mu bacu bo muri Amerika binjiza amafaranga menshi mu bakiriya bo mu gihugu, ariko imwe muri buri sosiyete eshatu ifite ibiro mu bihugu bibiri cyangwa byinshi, nubwo nta sano nziza iri hagati y’amafaranga yinjira n’umubare w’amashami mpuzamahanga. Bisa nkaho igipimo cy’ubwiyongere mpuzamahanga mu banyamerika bagenzi bacu kiri hejuru cyane ugereranije n’icyacu, ibi bikaba bifitanye isano n’inyungu zabo mu gace batuyemo, ururimi, n’umuco usa. Binjira mu masoko mashya binyuze mu kwaguka mu mahanga, bakabona ikoranabuhanga, cyangwa bagashinga ibigo by’inganda bihendutse.
Ugereranije n'ibi, igipimo cyo kwaguka kw'abahinduranya inyandiko mu rurimi rw'Igishinwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga kiri hasi cyane, aho amasosiyete make gusa ari yo yageze ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ukurikije bike byatsinze, bigaragara ko abayobozi b'ubucuruzi ubwabo ari bo bagomba kujya mbere. Ni byiza kwibanda ku masoko yo mu mahanga, kugira amatsinda y'ibikorwa byo mu gace, no gushyira mu bikorwa umuco w'ibigo, cyane cyane ubucuruzi n'ubucuruzi, ku isoko ryo mu gace kugira ngo bakore akazi keza ko gushyira ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu bikorwa byo mu gace. Birumvikana ko amasosiyete atarimo kujya mu mahanga kugira ngo agere ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ahubwo agomba kubanza gutekereza ku mpamvu ashaka kujya ku rwego mpuzamahanga n'icyo agamije? Kuki dushobora kujya mu nyanja? Ni ubuhe buhanga buhambaye? Hanyuma hakaza ikibazo cyo kumenya uburyo bwo kujya mu nyanja.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amasosiyete y'ubuhinduzi yo mu gihugu nayo ahora yibanda cyane mu kwitabira inama mpuzamahanga z'urungano. TalkingChina yitabira inama mpuzamahanga nka GALA/ALC/LocWorld/ELIA isanzwe ikunze kugaragara, kandi ntabwo ikunze kubona bagenzi bayo bo mu gihugu. Uburyo bwo kongera ijwi rusange n'ingaruka z'inganda z'indimi z'Ubushinwa mu muryango mpuzamahanga, no kwishyira hamwe kugira ngo dukundane, byagiye biba ikibazo. Ahubwo, dukunze kubona amasosiyete y'ubuhinduzi yo muri Argentine aturuka kure mu nama mpuzamahanga. Ntabwo bitabira inama gusa ahubwo banagaragara nk'ishusho rusange y'ikigo gisanzwe gitanga indimi z'icyesipanyoli cyo muri Amerika y'Epfo. Bakina imikino imwe n'imwe y'imibanire rusange muri iyo nama, bagahindura ikirere, kandi bagashyiraho ikirango rusange, gikwiye kwigirwaho.
2) Umuguzi: Amatsinda atatu y’abakiriya ya mbere mu bijyanye n’amafaranga yinjira muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni ubuvuzi, leta/inzego za leta, n’ibigo by’uburezi, mu gihe mu Bushinwa, ari ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bukorerwa ku mipaka, n’uburezi n’amahugurwa (nk’uko bigaragara muri Raporo y’Iterambere rya 2023 y’Inganda z’Ubuhinduzi n’Indimi z’Abashinwa yashyizwe ahagaragara n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abahinduzi b’Abashinwa).
Abatanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi (harimo ibitaro, ibigo by'ubwishingizi, n'amavuriro) ni bo soko nyamukuru ry'amafaranga arenga 50% by'abo muri Amerika, ibi bikaba bifite imiterere igaragara nk'iya Amerika. Ku rwego rw'isi, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni zo zifite amafaranga menshi akoreshwa mu buvuzi. Bitewe n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'uburyo butandukanye bwo gutera inkunga abikorera ku giti cyabo n'aba leta muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, amafaranga akoreshwa mu gutanga serivisi z'indimi mu buvuzi aturuka mu bitaro byigenga, ibigo by'ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima, n'amavuriro, ndetse na gahunda za leta. Ibigo by'ubuvuzi bigira uruhare runini mu gufasha abatanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi gushushanya no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda zo gukoresha indimi. Dukurikije amategeko, gahunda zo gukoresha indimi ni itegeko kugira ngo abarwayi bafite ubumenyi buke mu Cyongereza (LEP) babone serivisi z'ubuvuzi zinoze kandi zifite ireme.
Ibyiza by'isoko karemano ryavuzwe haruguru ntibishobora kugereranywa cyangwa ngo bihuzwe imbere mu gihugu. Ariko isoko ry'Ubushinwa naryo rifite imiterere yaryo. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, guverinoma yayoboye Belt and Road Initiative kandi urujya n'uruza rw'ibigo by'Abashinwa bijya mu mahanga byatumye habaho gukenera cyane ubuhinduzi kuva mu Gishinwa cyangwa Icyongereza kugera mu ndimi z'abantu bake. Birumvikana ko niba ushaka kuryitabira no kuba umukinnyi wujuje ibisabwa, rinashyira ibisabwa byinshi ku bigo byacu bitanga serivisi z'ubuhinduzi ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho n'ubushobozi bwo gucunga imishinga.
3) Ibikubiye muri serivisi: Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abakozi bacu bo muri Amerika batanga serivisi z'ururimi rw'amarenga; 20% by'ibigo bitanga ibizamini by'ururimi (bikubiyemo isuzumabumenyi bw'ururimi); 15% by'ibigo bitanga amahugurwa y'ururimi (akenshi kuri interineti).
Nta makuru ajyanye n'ibikubiye muri iyi nkuru aboneka mu gihugu imbere, ariko ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze, igipimo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kigomba kuba kiri hejuru kurusha mu Bushinwa. Uwishyura amafaranga menshi mu mishinga yo gupiganirwa ururimi rw'amarenga mu gihugu akenshi aba ari ishuri ryihariye cyangwa ndetse n'ikigo cy'ikoranabuhanga rikora ku miyoboro y'itumanaho, kandi akenshi aba ari ikigo cy'ubuhinduzi. Hariho kandi amasosiyete make y'ubuhinduzi ashyira imbere ibizamini by'indimi n'amahugurwa nk'ibikorwa by'ingenzi by'ubucuruzi.
2. Ingamba z'ikigo
Abanyamerika benshi bashyira imbere "kongera amafaranga yinjira" mu 2023, mu gihe kimwe cya gatatu cy'ibigo bihitamo kugabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere.
Ku bijyanye n'ingamba za serivisi, ibigo birenga kimwe cya kabiri byiyongereye serivisi zabyo mu myaka itatu ishize, ariko hari ibigo bike biteganya kongera serivisi zabyo mu myaka itatu iri imbere. Serivisi zazamutse cyane ni e-learning, serivisi zo kwandika ku rubuga, guhindura inyandiko mu buryo bw'imashini (PEMT), guhindura inyandiko mu buryo bwa kure (RSI), guhindura inyandiko mu buryo bwa kure (dubbing), no gusobanura amashusho mu buryo bwa kure (VRI). Kwagura serivisi biterwa ahanini n'ibyifuzo by'abakiriya. Muri urwo rwego, bisa n'ibiri mu Bushinwa. Ibigo byinshi by'imirimo bivuga ururimi rw'Igishinwa byasubije ku izamuka ry'ibiciro ku isoko mu myaka ya vuba aha, kandi ukwiyongera no kugabanya ikiguzi nabyo ni ingingo z'iteka.
Hagati aho, mu myaka ibiri ishize, bagenzi benshi bo mu gihugu bagiye baganira ku kuvugurura serivisi, byaba ari ukwagura serivisi cyangwa kwagura urwego rwazo. Urugero, amasosiyete y’ubuhinduzi yihariye mu guhindura patenti arimo kwagura ubwiyongere bwayo mu bindi bice bya serivisi za patenti; Gukora ubuhinduzi bw’imodoka no gukusanya amakuru ku nganda z’imodoka; Guhindura inyandiko zo kwamamaza kugira ngo bifashe abakiriya gusohora no kubungabunga itangazamakuru ryo kwamamaza mu mahanga; Nanone ntanga serivisi zo gucapa ku rwego rw’inyandiko na serivisi zo gucapa nyuma yo guhindura inyandiko zigomba gucapwa; Abakora nk’abasemuzi b’inama bashinzwe gukora imirimo y’inama cyangwa kubaka aho bakorera; Mu gihe bakora ubuhinduzi bw’urubuga, bakora SEO na SEM, n'ibindi. Birumvikana ko impinduka zose zisaba ubushakashatsi kandi ntibyoroshye, kandi hazabaho ingorane zimwe na zimwe mu nzira yo kugerageza. Ariko, igihe cyose ari impinduka y’ingamba ikorwa nyuma yo gufata ibyemezo bifatika, ni ngombwa cyane kugira kwihangana muri gahunda ikomeye. Mu myaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu ishize, TalkingChina Translation yagiye ishyiraho buhoro buhoro imirima igororotse n’ibicuruzwa byo kwagura indimi (nk’imiti, patenti, imikino yo kuri interineti n’indi myidagaduro, Icyongereza n’amahanga mpuzamahanga, nibindi). Muri icyo gihe kandi, yanakoze ubushakashatsi burambuye mu buhanga bwayo mu guhindura ibicuruzwa ku isoko. Nubwo yitwaye neza mu guhindura ibicuruzwa, yananditse inyandiko ifite agaciro kanini (nk'ingingo zo kugurisha, amazina y'abayobozi, kopi y'ibicuruzwa, ibisobanuro birambuye ku bicuruzwa, kopi yo mu magambo, nibindi), igera ku musaruro mwiza.
Ku bijyanye n'ihiganwa, abanyamerika benshi bafata amasosiyete manini, mpuzamahanga, n'andi masosiyete avuga indimi nyinshi nk'abahanganye nabo bakomeye, nka LanguageLine, Lionbridge, RWS, TransPerfect, n'ibindi; Mu Bushinwa, bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'abakiriya hagati y'amasosiyete mpuzamahanga ahindura ibicuruzwa n'amasosiyete yo mu gihugu, hari ipiganwa rito ritaziguye. Ihiganwa ryinshi ry'abahuje ubucuruzi rituruka ku ihiganwa ry'ibiciro hagati y'amasosiyete ahindura ibicuruzwa, aho igiciro gito n'amasosiyete manini ari yo ahangana nabo bakomeye, cyane cyane mu mishinga yo gupiganwa.
Hagiye habaho itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y'Ubushinwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu bijyanye no kwihuza no kugura. Ibikorwa byo kwihuza no kugura by'abanyamerika biracyahagaze neza, aho abaguzi bahora bashaka amahirwe kandi abashobora kugurisha bashaka cyangwa bategereje amahirwe yo kugurisha cyangwa gukomeza kuvugana n'abahuza n'abahuza n'abagura. Mu Bushinwa, bitewe n'ibibazo by'amategeko agenga imari, igenagaciro riragoye kubara mu buryo bukwiye; Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n'uko umuyobozi ari we mucuruzi ukomeye, hashobora kubaho ibyago byo kohereza umutungo w'abakiriya mbere na nyuma yo kwihuza no kugura niba ikigo gihinduranya intoki. Kwihuza no kugura si ibintu bisanzwe.
3. Ibikubiye muri serivisi
Guhindura imashini (MT) byakunze gukoreshwa cyane n'abagenzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ariko, ikoreshwa rya MT mu kigo akenshi riba ari iry'ingenzi kandi rihitamo, kandi ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngaruka zishobora kubaho n'inyungu zaryo. Hafi bibiri bya gatatu by'abanyamerika bagenzi babo batanga serivisi yo guhindura imashini (PEMT) nk'uburyo bwo kuyihindura, ariko TEP iracyari serivisi ikoreshwa cyane mu guhindura. Mu gihe uhitamo uburyo butatu bwo gukora, harimo intoki, imashini isanzwe, n'imashini isanzwe, icyifuzo cy'abakiriya ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane bigira ingaruka ku gufata ibyemezo, kandi akamaro kayo karenze ibindi bintu bibiri by'ingenzi (ubwoko bw'ibirimo n'uburyo bwo guhuza ururimi).
Ku bijyanye no gusobanura, isoko ryo muri Amerika ryagize impinduka zikomeye. Hafi kimwe cya kane cy'abatanga serivisi zo gusobanura muri Amerika batanga serivisi zo gusobanura hakoreshejwe amashusho (VRI) no gusobanura kuri telefoni (OPI), naho hafi bibiri bya gatatu by'amasosiyete atanga serivisi zo gusobanura icyarimwe (RSI). Ibice bitatu by'ingenzi by'abatanga serivisi zo gusobanura ni ugusobanura mu rwego rw'ubuzima, gusobanura mu bucuruzi, no gusobanura mu mategeko. RSI isa nkaho ikomeje kuba isoko rikomeye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Nubwo porogaramu za RSI zigizwe ahanini n'amasosiyete y'ikoranabuhanga, izindi porogaramu nyinshi ubu zitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona serivisi zo gusobanura binyuze mu gukusanya amakuru menshi cyangwa gukorana n'amasosiyete ashinzwe serivisi z'indimi. Guhuza neza porogaramu za RSI n'ibikoresho byo mu nama zo kuri interineti nka Zoom n'izindi porogaramu z'abakiriya nabyo bishyira izi sosiyete mu mwanya mwiza mu gucunga ibyo ikigo gikeneye mu gusobanura. Birumvikana ko urubuga rwa RSI rubonwa na bagenzi benshi b'Abanyamerika nk'umuhatanira. Nubwo RSI ifite inyungu nyinshi mu bijyanye no koroshya no gukoresha ibiciro, inazana imbogamizi mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa, harimo gutinda, ubuziranenge bw'amajwi, imbogamizi mu mutekano w'amakuru, n'ibindi.
Ibikubiye muri ibi bisobanuro bifite aho bihuriye n’ibitandukanye mu Bushinwa, nka RSI. TalkingChina Translation yashyizeho ubufatanye bukomeye na sosiyete y’urubuga mbere y’icyorezo. Mu gihe cy’icyorezo, uru rubuga rwari rufite ubucuruzi bwinshi ku giti cyarwo, ariko nyuma y’icyorezo, inama nyinshi zongeye gusubukurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusimbuza. Kubwibyo, ukurikije uko TalkingChina Translation ikora nk’umutanga serivisi zo gusobanura, yumva ko icyifuzo cyo gusobanura aho hantu cyariyongereye cyane, kandi RSI yaragabanutse ku rugero runaka, Ariko RSI ni inyongera ikenewe cyane kandi ni ubushobozi bukenewe ku batanga serivisi zo gusobanura mu gihugu. Muri icyo gihe, ikoreshwa rya OPI mu gusobanura kuri telefoni rimaze kuba rito cyane ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa kurusha muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kuko uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo gukoresha muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ari ubuvuzi n’amategeko, ibyo bikaba bitaraboneka mu Bushinwa.
Ku bijyanye no guhindura imashini, guhindura inyandiko nyuma yo guhindura imashini (PEMT) ni umusaruro w'imbavu z'inkoko mu bikubiye mu serivisi z'ibigo by'ubuhinduzi byo mu gihugu. Abakiriya ntibakunze kuyihitamo, kandi icyo bashaka kurushaho ni ukubona ubuziranenge n'umuvuduko umwe w'ubuhinduzi bw'abantu ku giciro kiri hafi y'ubuhinduzi bw'imashini. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa ry'ubuhinduzi bw'imashini rirushaho kugaragara mu buryo bwo gukora ubuhinduzi bw'ibigo by'ubuhinduzi, hatitawe ku kuba bwakoreshejwe cyangwa budakoreshejwe, Tugomba guha abakiriya ireme ryujuje ibisabwa n'ibiciro biri hasi (byihuse, byiza, kandi bihendutse). Birumvikana ko hari n'abakiriya batanga ibisubizo by'ubuhinduzi bw'imashini bataziguye kandi bagasaba ibigo by'ubuhinduzi gukosora kuri ibi. TalkingChina Translation ibona ko ubuziranenge bw'ubuhinduzi bw'imashini butangwa n'umukiriya buri kure cyane y'ibyo umukiriya yiteze, kandi gusoma inyandiko n'intoki bisaba kugira uruhare rwimbitse, akenshi birenze ubushobozi bwa PEMT. Ariko, igiciro gitangwa n'umukiriya kiri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'icyo guhindura inyandiko n'intoki.
4. Iterambere n'inyungu
Nubwo hari ibibazo by’ubukungu rusange n’ibya politiki ku isi, ukwiyongera kw’ibigo bito muri Amerika muri 2022 kwakomeje gukomera, aho 60% by’ibigo byinjiza amafaranga bikura naho 25% bizamuka birenga 25%. Uku kwihangana gufitanye isano n’ibintu byinshi by’ingenzi: inyungu zituruka ku bigo bitanga serivisi z’indimi zituruka mu nzego zitandukanye, bigatuma ingaruka rusange z’ihindagurika ry’ibikenewe ku kigo ziba nke; Ikoranabuhanga nko gukoresha ijwi mu nyandiko, guhindura imashini, n’uburyo bwo gusobanura kure byorohereza ubucuruzi gushyira mu bikorwa ibisubizo by’indimi mu buryo bwagutse, kandi ikoreshwa rya serivisi z’indimi rikomeje kwiyongera; Muri icyo gihe, inganda z’ubuvuzi n’amashami ya leta muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zikomeje kongera amafaranga akoreshwa; Byongeye kandi, abaturage bafite ubumenyi buke mu Cyongereza (LEP) muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika barimo kwiyongera buri gihe, kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amategeko agenga inzitizi z’indimi naryo riri kwiyongera.
Muri 2022, abanyamerika bagenzi babo muri rusange bunguka, aho inyungu rusange hagati ya 29% na 43%, aho amahugurwa mu ndimi ari yo afite inyungu nyinshi (43%). Ariko, ugereranije n'umwaka ushize, inyungu ya serivisi zo guhindura no gusobanura yagabanutseho gato. Nubwo amasosiyete menshi yongereye ibiciro byayo ku bakiriya, kwiyongera kw'ikiguzi cy'imikorere (cyane cyane ikiguzi cy'abakozi) biracyari ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku nyungu z'izi serivisi zombi.
Mu Bushinwa, muri rusange, inyungu z’ibigo by’ubuhinduzi nazo zirimo kwiyongera muri 2022. Ukurikije inyungu mbumbe, twavuga ko nazo zisa n’iz’Abanyamerika. Ariko, itandukaniro ni uko mu bijyanye n’ibiciro, cyane cyane ku mishinga minini, ibiciro biri hasi. Kubwibyo, ikintu cy’ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku nyungu si ukwiyongera kw’ibiciro by’abakozi, ahubwo ni ukugabanuka kw’ibiciro biterwa n’ihiganwa ry’ibiciro. Kubwibyo, mu gihe ibiciro by’abakozi bidashobora kugabanuka mu buryo bungana, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga nk’ubwenge bw’ubukorano kugira ngo ugabanye ibiciro no kongera imikorere biracyari amahitamo adatezuka.
5. Ibiciro
Ku isoko rya Amerika, igipimo cy'amagambo yo guhindura, gutunganya no gukosora (TEP) muri rusange cyariyongereyeho 2% kigera kuri 9%. Raporo ya ALC ikubiyemo ibiciro by'ubuhinduzi bw'Icyongereza mu ndimi 11: Icyarabu, Igiporutugali, Igishinwa cyoroshye, Igifaransa, Ikidage, Ikiyapani, Igikoreya, Ikirusiya, Icyesipanyoli, Igitagalogi, na Kiviyetinamu. Igiciro mpuzandengo mu buhinduzi bw'Icyongereza ni amadorari 0.23 y'Amerika kuri buri jambo, aho igiciro kiri hagati y'agaciro gato ka 0.10 n'agaciro gakomeye ka 0.31; Igiciro mpuzandengo mu buhinduzi bw'Icyongereza bworoheje bw'Igishinwa ni 0.24, aho igiciro kiri hagati ya 0.20 na 0.31.
Abanyamerika bagenzi babo muri rusange bavuga ko “abakiriya bizeye ko ubwenge bw’ubukorano n’ibikoresho bya MT bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi, ariko ntibashobora kureka urwego rw’ubuziranenge rw’imikorere y’intoki 100%. Igipimo cya PEMT muri rusange kiri hasi ya 20% kugeza kuri 35% ugereranije na serivisi zo guhindura inyandiko zikozwe mu buryo bw’intoki. Nubwo uburyo bwo guhindura ibiciro ku ijambo ku rindi bukiganza inganda z’indimi, ikoreshwa rya PEMT ryabaye imbaraga ku bigo bimwe na bimwe mu gushyiraho ubundi buryo bwo gutanga ibiciro.
Mu bijyanye no gusobanura, igipimo cya serivisi mu 2022 cyariyongereye ugereranije n'umwaka ushize. Izamuka rikomeye ryabaye mu gusobanura serivisi mu nama, aho igipimo cya serivisi za OPI, VRI, na RSI byose byiyongereyeho 7% bigera kuri 9%.
Ugereranyije n'ibi, amasosiyete y'ubuhinduzi yo mu gihugu mu Bushinwa ntabwo afite amahirwe menshi. Kubera igitutu cy'ubukungu, ingaruka mbi z'ikoranabuhanga nk'ubwenge bw'ubukorano, kugenzura ibiciro by'ishyaka A, n'ihiganwa ry'ibiciro mu nganda, ibiciro by'ubuhinduzi bwo mu magambo n'ubwanditse ntibyiyongera ahubwo byagabanutse, cyane cyane mu biciro by'ubuhinduzi.
6. Ikoranabuhanga
1) Igikoresho cya TMS/CAT: MemoQ niyo iyoboye, aho abarenga 50% by'abanyamerika bakoresha uru rubuga, hagakurikiraho RWSTrados. Boostlingo niyo ikoreshwa cyane mu gusobanura, aho hafi 30% by'ibigo bivuga ko biyikoresha mu gutegura, gucunga, cyangwa gutanga serivisi zo gusobanura. Hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'ibigo bipima indimi bikoresha Zoom mu gutanga serivisi zo gusuzuma. Mu guhitamo ibikoresho byo guhindura imashini, Amazon AWS niyo ikunze gutorwa cyane, hagakurikiraho Alibaba na DeepL, hanyuma hagakurikiraho Google.
Ibintu bimeze kimwe mu Bushinwa, aho hari amahitamo atandukanye y’ibikoresho byo guhindura imashini, ndetse n’ibicuruzwa biva mu bigo bikomeye nka Baidu na Youdao, ndetse n’imashini zihindura imashini zikora neza mu nzego runaka. Mu bakozi bo mu gihugu, uretse ikoreshwa risanzwe ry’imashini zihindura imashini n’ibigo bikora mu buryo bw’ibanze, ibigo byinshi biracyakoresha uburyo gakondo bwo guhindura. Ariko, bimwe mu bigo by’ubuhinduzi bifite ubushobozi bukomeye mu ikoranabuhanga cyangwa byibanda ku ishami runaka na byo byatangiye gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo guhindura imashini. Ubusanzwe bakoresha imashini zihindura imashini zigurwa cyangwa zikodeshwa n’abandi bantu ariko zigatozwa hakoreshejwe ikigo cyazo.
2) Icyitegererezo cy'Ururimi Runini (LLM): Gifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo guhindura imashini, ariko kandi gifite ibyiza n'ibibi byacyo. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, amasosiyete atanga serivisi z'indimi aracyafite uruhare runini mu gutanga serivisi z'indimi ku bigo byinshi. Inshingano zabo zirimo guhaza ibyifuzo by'abaguzi bitoroshye binyuze mu buryo butandukanye bwa serivisi z'indimi zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, no kubaka ikiraro hagati ya serivisi ubwenge bw'ubukorano bushobora gutanga na serivisi z'indimi amasosiyete y'abakiriya akeneye gushyira mu bikorwa. Ariko, kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa ry'ubwenge bw'ubukorano mu mikorere y'imbere ntabwo rikwirakwira hose. Hafi bibiri bya gatatu by'abanyamerika ntibakoresheje ubwenge bw'ubukorano kugira ngo babashe cyangwa ngo bikore mu buryo bwikora imikorere iyo ari yo yose. Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwo gukoresha ubwenge bw'ubukorano nk'ikintu gikurura imikorere ni ugukoresha amagambo afashijwe na AI. 10% gusa by'amasosiyete akoresha ubwenge bw'ubukorano mu gusesengura inyandiko z'umwimerere; Hafi 10% by'amasosiyete akoresha ubwenge bw'ubukorano kugira ngo asuzume ireme ry'ubuhinduzi mu buryo bwikora; munsi ya 5% by'amasosiyete akoresha ubwenge bw'ubukorano kugira ngo ateganye cyangwa afashe abasemuzi mu kazi kabo. Ariko, benshi mu banyamerika basobanukiwe LLM, kandi kimwe cya gatatu cy'amasosiyete arimo kugerageza imanza z'ibizamini.
Muri urwo rwego, mu ntangiriro, abenshi mu bo mu rugo ntibashoboye kwinjiza mu buryo bwuzuye ibicuruzwa binini by’indimi biva mu mahanga, nka ChatGPT, mu mishinga bitewe n’imbogamizi zitandukanye. Kubwibyo, bashobora gukoresha ibi bikoresho nk'ibikoresho by'ubwenge byo kubaza no gusubiza ibibazo. Ariko, uko igihe cyagiye gihita, ibi bikoresho ntibyakoreshejwe gusa nk'imashini zihindura imashini, ahubwo byanashyizwe mu bindi bikorwa nko gukosora no gusuzuma ubuhinduzi. Imirimo itandukanye y'izi LLM ishobora kwihutishwa kugira ngo itange serivisi zirambuye ku mishinga. Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko, bitewe n'ibicuruzwa byo mu mahanga, ibicuruzwa bya LLM byatejwe imbere mu gihugu nabyo byagaragaye. Ariko, hashingiwe ku bitekerezo bigezweho, haracyari icyuho kinini hagati y'ibicuruzwa bya LLM byo mu gihugu n'ibyo mu mahanga, ariko twizera ko hazabaho iterambere ryinshi mu ikoranabuhanga n'udushya mu gihe kizaza kugira ngo iki cyuho kigabanuke.
3) MT, transcription yikora, na AI subtitles nizo serivisi zikunze gukoreshwa cyane mu buvuzi bwa AI. Ibibera mu Bushinwa ni kimwe, aho ikoranabuhanga nko kumenya imvugo no kwandika byikora mu buryo bwikora byagabanutse cyane mu myaka yashize, bigatuma habaho kugabanuka gukomeye kw'ikiguzi no kunoza imikorere. Birumvikana ko bitewe n'ikoreshwa ry'izi koranabuhanga rikwirakwira ndetse n'ubusabe buri kwiyongera, abakiriya bahora bashaka uburyo bwo kunoza ikiguzi mu ngengo y'imari nto, bityo abatanga ikoranabuhanga bakaba baharanira gushyiraho ibisubizo byiza.
4) Mu bijyanye no guhuza serivisi z'ubuhinduzi, TMS ishobora guhuzwa n'izindi mbuga zitandukanye nka CMS y'abakiriya (sisitemu yo gucunga ibikubiye mu bubiko) n'isomero ry'amadosiye y'ibicu; Mu bijyanye na serivisi zo gusobanura, ibikoresho byo gusobanura kure bishobora guhuzwa n'izindi mbuga zo gutanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi ku bakiriya kure n'izindi mbuga zo guhurira kuri interineti. Ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho no gushyira mu bikorwa ihuriro gishobora kuba kinini, ariko ihuriro rishobora gushyira ibisubizo by'ibigo bitanga serivisi z'indimi mu buryo butaziguye mu ikoranabuhanga ry'umukiriya, bigatuma bigira akamaro kanini. Abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'Abanyamerika bemera ko ihuriro ari ingenzi mu gukomeza guhangana, aho hafi 60% by'ibigo bibona igice cy'ubuhinduzi binyuze mu mikorere yikora. Mu bijyanye n'ingamba z'ikoranabuhanga, ibigo byinshi bifata uburyo bwo kugura, aho 35% by'ibigo bifata uburyo bwo "kugura no kubaka".
Mu Bushinwa, amasosiyete manini ahindura cyangwa ashyira mu bikorwa ubuhinduzi asanzwe akora porogaramu zihujwe zo gukoreshwa imbere mu nzu, ndetse zimwe zishobora no kuzigurisha. Byongeye kandi, bamwe mu batanga ikoranabuhanga bo mu nzego za gatatu nabo batangije ibicuruzwa byabo bihujwe, bahuza CAT, MT, na LLM. Mu kuvugurura inzira no guhuza ubwenge bw'ubukorano n'ubuhinduzi bw'abantu, tugamije gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukora ibintu by'ubwenge. Ibi kandi bitanga ibisabwa bishya ku miterere y'ubushobozi n'icyerekezo cyo guhugura impano z'indimi. Mu gihe kizaza, inganda z'ubuhinduzi zizabona ibintu byinshi byo guhuza imashini n'abantu, bigaragaza icyifuzo cy'inganda cyo guteza imbere ubuhanga n'imikorere myiza. Abahinduzi bagomba kwiga uburyo bwo gukoresha neza ibikoresho by'ubwenge bw'ubukorano n'ibikoresho byikora kugira ngo bongere imikorere n'ubwiza bw'ubuhinduzi muri rusange.
TalkingChina Translation nayo yagerageje cyane gukoresha urubuga rwayo ruhuriweho mu gutunganya ibintu muri urwo rwego. Kuri ubu, turacyari mu cyiciro cyo gushakisha, ibi bikaba bitera imbogamizi abayobozi b'imishinga n'abahinduzi mu bijyanye n'imyitwarire y'akazi. Bagomba gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo bahuze n'uburyo bushya bwo gukora. Muri icyo gihe, imikorere y'ikoreshwa nayo ikeneye kwitabwaho no gusuzumwa kurushaho. Ariko, twizera ko ubu bushakashatsi bwiza ari ngombwa.
7. Urusobe rw'ibikoresho n'abakozi
Hafi 80% by'Abanyamerika bagenzi babo bavuga ko bafite ikibazo cy'ibura ry'impano. Abacuruzi, abasemuzi, n'abayobozi b'imishinga bari mu myanya ya mbere mu gushaka abakozi benshi ariko iboneka gake. Imishahara iracyari ihamye, ariko imyanya yo kugurisha yiyongereyeho 20% ugereranije n'umwaka ushize, mu gihe imyanya y'ubuyobozi yagabanutseho 8%. Gutanga serivisi no gutanga serivisi ku bakiliya, hamwe n'ubwenge bw'ubukorano na big data, bifatwa nk'ubumenyi bw'ingenzi ku bakozi mu myaka itatu iri imbere. Umuyobozi w'imishinga ni we ukunze guhabwa akazi kenshi, kandi amasosiyete menshi akoresha umuyobozi w'imishinga. Abakiri munsi ya 20% by'amasosiyete bakoresha abakora tekiniki/software.
Ibintu bimeze kimwe mu Bushinwa. Ku bijyanye n'abakozi bakora igihe cyose, biragoye ko inganda z'ubuhinduzi zigumana impano nziza mu bucuruzi, cyane cyane abafite ubumenyi mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa, isoko, na serivisi ku bakiriya. Nubwo twasubira inyuma tukavuga ko ubucuruzi bw'ikigo cyacu bushingiye gusa ku gukorera abakiriya ba kera, si igisubizo cy'igihe kimwe. Kugira ngo dutange serivisi nziza, tugomba kandi kubasha kwihanganira ipiganwa ku giciro cyiza, kandi hari ibisabwa byinshi ku bushobozi bwo kuyobora serivisi ku bakiriya (bashobora kumva neza ibyo ubuhinduzi bukeneye no guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda zijyanye na serivisi z'indimi) hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kugenzura umushinga ku bakozi bashinzwe gucunga imishinga (bashobora gusobanukirwa umutungo n'imikorere, kugenzura ikiguzi n'ubwiza, no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye mu buryo bworoshye, harimo n'ibikoresho bishya by'ubuhanga bw'ubukorano).
Ku bijyanye n'uruhererekane rw'umutungo, mu mikorere y'ubucuruzi bw'ubuhinduzi bwa TalkingChina, bizagaragara ko mu myaka ibiri ishize habayeho byinshi bishya mu Bushinwa, nko gukenera ibikoresho byo guhindura mu mahanga mu bihugu byo hanze kugira ngo ibigo by'Abashinwa bigere ku isi yose; Ibikoresho mu ndimi zitandukanye ziciriritse zijyanye no kwaguka kw'ikigo mu mahanga; Impano zihariye mu nzego zihagaze neza (haba mu buvuzi, imikino, patenti, nibindi, ibikoresho byo guhindura mu buryo bujyanye nabyo birigenga, kandi nta makuru n'uburambe bihuye nabyo, ntabwo bashobora kwinjiramo); Muri rusange hari ibura ry'abasemuzi, ariko bagomba kuba abahanga mu bijyanye n'igihe cya serivisi (nko kwishyuza isaha cyangwa ndetse no ku giciro gito, aho kuba igiciro gisanzwe cyo gutangira igice cy'umunsi). Bityo, ishami rishinzwe ibikoresho byo guhindura mu buhinduzi rigenda rirushaho kuba ingenzi, rikora nk'itsinda rifasha ishami ry'ubucuruzi kandi risaba itsinda rishinzwe kugura ibikoresho rihuye n'ingano y'ubucuruzi bw'ikigo. Birumvikana ko kugura ibikoresho bitarimo gusa abasemuzi bigenga, ahubwo harimo n'amashami akorana n'abo bakorana, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere.
8. Kugurisha no Kwamamaza
Hubspot na LinkedIn ni byo bikoresho by'ingenzi byo kugurisha no kwamamaza bya bagenzi babo bo muri Amerika. Muri 2022, amasosiyete azashyira impuzandengo ya 7% by'amafaranga yinjira buri mwaka mu kwamamaza.
Ugereranije n'ibi, nta bikoresho by'ingirakamaro cyane byo kugurisha bihari mu Bushinwa, kandi LinkedIn ntishobora gukoreshwa mu Bushinwa. Uburyo bwo kugurisha ni ubuswa cyangwa abayobozi bagurisha ubwabo, kandi hari amakipe make manini yo kugurisha yashinzwe. Igihe cyo guhindura abakiriya ni kirekire cyane, kandi gusobanukirwa no gucunga ubushobozi bwo "kugurisha" biracyari mu buryo bworoheje, ari nabyo bituma habaho gukora buhoro buhoro mu gushaka itsinda ry'abagurisha.
Mu bijyanye no kwamamaza, hafi ya buri mukozi ukora muri konti ye bwite ya WeChat, kandi TalkingChinayi ifite konti ye bwite ya WeChat. Muri icyo gihe, Bilibili, Xiaohongshu, Zhihu, n'ibindi na byo bifite uburyo bwo kubibungabunga, kandi ubu bwoko bw'ubucuruzi bushingiye ahanini ku kirango; Amagambo ahinnye SEM na SEO bya Baidu cyangwa Google bikunze guhindurwa mu buryo butaziguye, ariko mu myaka ya vuba aha, ikiguzi cyo guhindura ubushakashatsi cyakomeje kwiyongera. Uretse kwiyongera kw'ibiciro bya moteri zishakisha, ikiguzi cy'abakozi bamamaza bihariye mu kwamamaza nacyo cyariyongereye. Byongeye kandi, ireme ry'ibibazo bizanwa no kwamamaza ntiringana, kandi ntibishobora kwibandwaho hakurikijwe itsinda ry'abakiriya b'ikigo, ibyo bikaba bidakora neza. Kubwibyo, mu myaka ya vuba aha, benshi mu bakozi bo mu gihugu baretse kwamamaza muri moteri zishakisha kandi bakoresha abakozi bagurisha cyane kugira ngo bagurishe ku buryo bugamije.
Ugereranyije n'inganda zo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zikoresha 7% by'amafaranga zinjiza buri mwaka mu kwamamaza, ibigo by'ubuhinduzi byo mu gihugu bishora imari nto muri uru rwego. Impamvu nyamukuru yo gushora imari nto ni ukutamenya akamaro kabyo cyangwa kutamenya uburyo bwo kubikora neza. Ntabwo byoroshye gukora kwamamaza ibikubiye kuri serivisi z'ubuhinduzi za B2B, kandi ikibazo cyo gushyira mu bikorwa iyamamazabikorwa ni icyo ibikubiye muri iryo tangazo bishobora gukurura abakiriya.
9. Ibindi bintu
1) Amahame ngenderwaho n'ibyemezo
Abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’Abanyamerika bemera ko icyemezo cya ISO gifasha mu gukomeza guhangana, ariko si ngombwa. Igipimo cya ISO gikunzwe cyane ni icyemezo cya ISO17100:2015, cyemezwa n’ikigo kimwe muri bitatu.
Imiterere y’Ubushinwa ni uko imishinga myinshi ipiganwa n’amasoko y’imbere mu bigo bimwe na bimwe bisaba ISO9001, bityo nk’ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi, ibigo byinshi bihindura inyandiko biracyakeneye icyemezo. Ugereranyije n’ibindi, ISO17100 ni ingingo y’inyongera, kandi abakiriya benshi b’abanyamahanga bafite iki cyifuzo. Kubwibyo, ibigo bihindura inyandiko bizasuzuma niba ari ngombwa gukora iki cyemezo hashingiwe ku bakiriya babo. Muri icyo gihe kandi, hariho ubufatanye hagati y’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abahinduzi b’Abashinwa n’Itsinda ry’Impamyabumenyi y’Ikirango cya Fangyuan kugira ngo hatangwe icyemezo cya A-level (A-5A) kuri serivisi z’ubuhinduzi mu Bushinwa.
2) Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'isuzuma ry'imikorere
50% by'abanyamerika bakoresha inyungu nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubucuruzi, naho 28% by'ibigo bikoresha inyungu nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubucuruzi. Ibipimo bikunze gukoreshwa bitari iby'imari ni ibitekerezo by'abakiriya, abakiriya ba kera, igipimo cy'ibikorwa, umubare w'ibyo batumije/imishinga, n'abakiriya bashya. Ibitekerezo by'abakiriya ni cyo kimenyetso gikoreshwa cyane mu gupima ubuziranenge bw'umusaruro. Mu Bushinwa ibintu ni nk'ibyo.
3) Amabwiriza n'amategeko
Amabwiriza mashya y’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abacuruzi Bato muri Amerika (SBA) azatangira gukurikizwa muri Mutarama 2022. Amafaranga y’ibigo by’ubuhinduzi n’ubusemuzi yazamuwe ava kuri miliyoni 8 z’amadolari agera kuri miliyoni 22.5 z’amadolari. Ibigo bito bya SBA byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bihabwe amahirwe yo kugura ibicuruzwa bya leta, kwitabira gahunda zitandukanye zo guteza imbere ubucuruzi, gahunda z’ubujyanama, no kugira amahirwe yo kuvugana n’impuguke zitandukanye. Ibintu bimeze mu Bushinwa biratandukanye. Hari igitekerezo cy’ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse mu Bushinwa, kandi inkunga igaragarira cyane mu gutanga imisoro.
4) Ubuzima bwite bw'amakuru n'umutekano w'umuyoboro
Abanyamerika barenga 80% bashyize mu bikorwa politiki n'amabwiriza nk'ingamba zo gukumira impanuka zo kuri interineti. Abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibigo byashyize mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gutahura ibyabaye. Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibigo bikora isuzuma rihoraho ry'ingaruka kandi bigashyiraho inshingano zijyanye n'umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga muri sosiyete. Ibi birakomeye kurusha ibigo byinshi by'ubuhinduzi mu Gishinwa.
Muri make, muri raporo ya ALC, twabonye amagambo menshi y'ingenzi aturuka ku bigo by'abanyamerika:
1. Iterambere
Mu 2023, mu gihe cy’ubukungu bugoye, inganda zitanga serivisi z’indimi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ziracyafite imbaraga zikomeye, aho amasosiyete menshi agera ku iterambere n’inyungu zihamye. Ariko, ibidukikije biriho ubu bitera imbogamizi zikomeye ku nyungu z’amasosiyete. "Growth" ikomeje kuba intego y’amasosiyete atanga serivisi z’indimi muri 2023, igaragazwa no gukomeza kwagura amatsinda y’abagurisha no kunoza uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko ku basemuzi n’abahinduzi. Muri icyo gihe, urwego rw’ihuzwa n’abaguzi mu nganda ruracyahagaze neza, ahanini bitewe n’icyizere cyo kwinjira mu nzego nshya zihagaze neza no ku masoko yo mu karere.
2. Ikiguzi
Nubwo umubare w'abakozi ukomeza kwiyongera, isoko ry'umurimo naryo ryazanye imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe zigaragara; abahagarariye abacuruzi n'abayobozi b'imishinga b'abahanga ni bake. Hagati aho, igitutu cyo kugenzura ibiciro bituma gushaka abasemuzi b'abahanga ku giciro cyiza bigorana.
3. Ikoranabuhanga
Impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga zihora zivugurura imiterere y’inganda zitanga serivisi z’indimi, kandi ibigo birimo bihura n’amahitamo menshi mu ikoranabuhanga n’ibyemezo by’ingenzi: ni gute wahuza neza ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya bw’ubwenge bw’ubukorano n’ubumenyi bw’umuntu mu by’umwuga kugira ngo utange serivisi zitandukanye? Ni gute washyira ibikoresho bishya mu mikorere? Amwe mu masosiyete mato afite impungenge zo kumenya niba ashobora gukomeza guhangana n’impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga. Ariko, abakozi benshi bakorana mu buhinduzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bafite imyumvire myiza ku ikoranabuhanga rishya kandi bizera ko inganda zifite ubushobozi bwo kumenyera ibidukikije bishya by’ikoranabuhanga.
4. Icyerekezo cya serivisi
"Icyerekezo cya serivisi" gishingiye ku mukiriya ni insanganyamatsiko ikunze kuvugwaho kenshi n'abakozi b'Abanyamerika bakorana mu guhindura. Ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibisubizo by'indimi n'ingamba bishingiye ku byo abakiriya bakeneye bufatwa nk'ubuhanga bw'ingenzi ku bakozi mu rwego rwa serivisi z'indimi.
Amagambo avuzwe haruguru arakoreshwa no mu Bushinwa. Amasosiyete afite "iterambere" muri raporo ya ALC ntabwo ari hagati ya miliyoni 500,000 na miliyoni 1 y'amadolari ya Amerika. Nk'ubucuruzi buto bufite inyungu, igitekerezo cya TalkingChina Translation ni uko ubucuruzi bw'ubuhinduzi bwo mu gihugu bwakunze kugana ku bigo binini by'ubuhinduzi mu myaka yashize, bigaragaza ingaruka zikomeye za Matthew. Muri uru rwego, kongera amafaranga biracyari ingenzi cyane. Ku bijyanye n'ikiguzi, amasosiyete y'ubuhinduzi yaguraga ibiciro by'umusaruro w'ubuhinduzi byari ibyo guhindura intoki, gukosora amakosa, cyangwa PEMT. Ariko, muri gahunda nshya yo gusaba aho PEMT ikoreshwa cyane mu gutanga ireme ry'ubuhinduzi bw'intoki, uburyo bwo guhindura inzira yo gukora, ni ngombwa kandi byihutirwa kugura ikiguzi gishya ku bahinduzi bakorana kugira ngo bakore isesengura ryimbitse rishingiye kuri MT kandi amaherezo bakore ivugurura ry'ubuhinduzi bw'intoki (bitandukanye na PEMT yoroshye), mu gihe batanga amabwiriza mashya y'akazi.
Mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga, bagenzi babo bo mu ngo nabo bashyigikiye ikoranabuhanga kandi bagakora impinduka zikenewe mu mikorere y'umusaruro. Mu bijyanye no kuyobora serivisi, TalkingChina Translate yaba ifite umubano ukomeye n'abakiriya cyangwa ishingiye ku kwiteza imbere buri gihe, gucunga ikirango, kunoza serivisi, no kugenzura ibyo abakiriya bakeneye. Ikimenyetso cyo gusuzuma ubuziranenge ni "ibitekerezo by'abakiriya", aho kwizera ko "uburyo bwuzuye bwo gukora no kugenzura ubuziranenge bwashyizweho". Igihe cyose habayeho urujijo, kujya hanze, kwegera abakiriya, no kumva ijwi ryabo ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi mu micungire y'abakiriya.
Nubwo umwaka wa 2022 wari umwaka ukaze cyane ku cyorezo cyo mu gihugu, ibigo byinshi by’ubuhinduzi byo mu gihugu byageze ku iterambere ry’inyungu. 2023 ni umwaka wa mbere nyuma yo kugarura icyorezo. Imiterere y’ibidukikije bigoye bya politiki n’ubukungu, ndetse n’ingaruka ebyiri z’ikoranabuhanga rya AI, biteza imbogamizi zikomeye ku iterambere n’inyungu by’ibigo by’ubuhinduzi. Nigute wakoresha ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo ugabanye ibiciro no kongera imikorere? Nigute watsinda mu irushanwa rikomeye ry’ibiciro? Nigute wakwibanda ku bakiriya no guhaza ibyifuzo byabo bihora bihinduka, cyane cyane ibyo ibigo by’Abashinwa bakeneye mu myaka yashize, mu gihe inyungu zabo zirimo kugabanuka? Ibigo by’ubuhinduzi byo mu Bushinwa birimo gusuzuma no gushyira mu bikorwa ibi bibazo. Uretse itandukaniro riri mu miterere y’igihugu, turacyashobora kubona ibitekerezo by’ingirakamaro bya bagenzi bacu b’Abanyamerika muri Raporo y’Inganda ya 2023ALC.
Iyi nkuru yatanzwe na Madamu Su Yang (Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Shanghai TalkingChina Translation Consulting Co., Ltd.)
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-01-2024